Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn how to use the Dutch time expressions voordat, nadat, als, and wanneer to describe the sequence and conditions of events. This lesson covers meaning, example sentences, correct grammar usage, and useful phrases to master talking about time and conditions in Dutch at A2 level.
  1. 'Voordat' indicates an action that happens first.
  2. 'Nadat' indicates a later action.
  3. Use 'als' and 'wanneer' for future or conditional actions.
TijdsbepalingBetekenisVoorbeeld
Voordat (Before)Gebeurtenis vooraf (Event beforehand)Voordat ik ga werken, ontbijt ik. (Before I go to work, I have breakfast.)
Nadat (After)Gebeurtenis achteraf (Event afterwards)Nadat ik heb gegeten, poets ik mijn tanden. (After I have eaten, I brush my teeth.)
Als (If)Bij een voorwaarde (Under a condition)Als ik ga slapen, poets ik mijn tanden. (If I go to sleep, I brush my teeth.)
Wanneer (When)Specifiek moment (Specific moment)Wanneer mijn huid droog is, gebruik ik zalf. (When my skin is dry, I use ointment.)

Exercise 1: Tijdsbepalingen: voordat, nadat, als, wanneer

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

wanneer, nadat, Voordat, als, voordat

1.
Ik was mijn handen ... ik ga slapen.
(I wash my hands before I go to sleep.)
2.
Hij doet nog snel gel in zijn haren ... hij naar het werk vertrekt.
(He quickly puts gel in his hair before he leaves for work.)
3.
Je moet je deodorant gebruiken ... je naar buiten gaat.
(You must use your deodorant when you go outside.)
4.
Ze gaat naar de apotheek ... ze een nieuwe zalf nodig heeft.
(She goes to the pharmacy when she needs a new ointment.)
5.
Ik gebruik shampoo ... ik mijn haar nat gemaakt heb.
(I use shampoo after I have wet my hair.)
6.
Je moet zeep gebruiken ... je jouw handen wast.
(You should use soap when you wash your hands.)
7.
... ik naar de tandarts ga, poets ik mijn tanden erg grondig.
(Before I go to the dentist, I brush my teeth very thoroughly.)
8.
Hij poetst zijn tanden ... hij ontbeten heeft.
(He brushes his teeth after he has eaten breakfast.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose in each set the sentence that correctly uses 'before', 'after', 'if' or 'when' to indicate time or a condition.

1.
'Before' must be followed by a complete action without extra auxiliary verbs in this context. 'Have eaten' sounds unnecessary and unnatural.
'If' is incorrect here, because it involves a sequence. Also, the word order of 'have had' is not natural.
2.
The subject 'I' must come immediately after 'before'; this sentence is missing the subject in the subordinate clause.
A comma is missing after the subordinate clause, making the sentence hard to understand. The comma is important to clarify the sentence structure.
3.
The word order is wrong: the subject 'my hands' should come after the verb, not in between.
The perfect tense should be used in the subordinate clause ('have washed'), not the present tense ('wash').
4.
The correct order in a subordinate clause is 'dry is', not 'is dry'.
The word order of subject and verb is incorrect; in a subordinate clause the subject precedes the finite verb.

Understanding Time Expressions in Dutch: Voordat, Nadat, Als, Wanneer

This lesson focuses on four important Dutch time expressions used to describe the order of actions or conditions: voordat (before), nadat (after), als (if/when), and wanneer (when). These words help you clearly indicate when events happen related to each other, which is essential for expressing daily routines and conditional situations.

Key Time Expressions and Their Use

  • Voordat: This means "before" and is used to show an action that happens first. Example: Voordat ik ga werken, ontbijt ik. (Before I go to work, I eat breakfast.)
  • Nadat: This means "after" and shows an action that follows another. Example: Nadat ik heb gegeten, poets ik mijn tanden. (After I have eaten, I brush my teeth.)
  • Als: Used to express conditions or things that happen under certain circumstances. Example: Als ik ga slapen, poets ik mijn tanden. (If I go to sleep, I brush my teeth.)
  • Wanneer: Specifies a particular moment or point in time when something happens. Example: Wanneer mijn huid droog is, gebruik ik zalf. (When my skin is dry, I use ointment.)

Tips on Grammar and Word Order

In Dutch, these time expressions often introduce subordinate clauses, so the word order changes slightly compared to English. For example, the verb usually goes to the end of the clause: Voordat ik ga werken, not voordat ga ik werken. Commas are important to separate these time clauses from the main sentence for clarity.

Comparison with English Time Expressions

While "voordat" and "nadat" directly translate to "before" and "after," their use in Dutch typically requires a full action clause following them. The words "als" and "wanneer" both translate roughly to "when" or "if," but "als" is more for conditional sentences, whereas "wanneer" points to a specific time or event.

Useful Phrases

  • Voordat ik vertrek, ik controleer mijn tas. (Before I leave, I check my bag.)
  • Nadat het regent, de lucht wordt helder. (After it rains, the sky clears.)
  • Als ik tijd heb, ga ik sporten. (If I have time, I exercise.)
  • Wanneer de telefoon gaat, neem ik op. (When the phone rings, I answer.)

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 10:25