Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn about the Italian modal verbs 'Potere', 'Dovere', and 'Volere', which express ability, obligation, and desire. This lesson covers their present tense conjugations and how they combine with infinitive verbs to form important everyday expressions.
  1. Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive.
Potere (To be able to)Volere (To want)Dovere (To have to)
Io posso (I can)Io voglio (I want)Io devo (I must)
Tu puoi (You can)Tu vuoi (You want)Tu devi (You must)
Lui/ Lei può (He/ She can)Lui/ Lei vuole (He/ She wants)Lui/ Lei deve (He/ She must)
Noi possiamo (We can)Noi vogliamo (We want)Noi dobbiamo (We must)
Voi potete (You can)Voi volete (You want)Voi dovete (You have to)
Loro possono (They can)Loro vogliono (They want)Loro devono (They have to)

Exercise 1: I verbi modali: 'Potere', 'Dovere', 'Volere'

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

vuole, voglio, possiamo, vuoi, dovete, dobbiamo, può, posso

1. Volere:
Io ... quella camicia in vetrina.
(I want that shirt in the shop window.)
2. Dovere:
Voi ... pagare alla cassa.
(You have to pay at the till.)
3. Potere:
Lui ... provare la maglietta rossa.
(He can try on the red T-shirt.)
4. Potere:
Io ... provare la giacca blu.
(I can try the blue jacket.)
5. Potere:
Noi ... chiedere la nostra taglia.
(We can ask for our size.)
6. Volere:
Lei ... comprare un cappotto.
(She wants to buy a coat.)
7. Dovere:
Noi ... andare al negozio adesso.
(We have to go to the shop now.)
8. Volere:
Tu ... la gonna di un'altra taglia?
(Do you want the skirt in a different size?)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. ___ provare quella giacca?

(___ try on that jacket?)

2. ___ scegliere la taglia giusta per la camicia.

(___ choose the right size for the shirt.)

3. ___ questo vestito rosso?

(___ this red dress?)

4. Non ___ entrare senza la mascherina.

(I can’t ___ enter without the mask.)

5. ___ pagare alla cassa prima di uscire.

(___ pay at the cashier before leaving.)

6. ___ una giacca di taglia media.

(___ a medium-sized jacket.)

Modal Verbs: 'Potere', 'Dovere', and 'Volere'

This lesson introduces three essential Italian modal verbs: potere, dovere, and volere. These verbs express the concepts of ability, obligation, and desire, respectively.

Understanding Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are unique because they are always followed by the infinitive form of another verb. For example, in the phrase Io posso parlare (I can speak), posso is the modal verb, and parlare is the infinitive that follows.

Conjugation Overview

Here are the conjugations of these modal verbs in the present tense for the subject pronouns:

  • Potere (Can / To be able to): io posso, tu puoi, lui/lei può, noi possiamo, voi potete, loro possono
  • Volere (To want): io voglio, tu vuoi, lui/lei vuole, noi vogliamo, voi volete, loro vogliono
  • Dovere (Must / To have to): io devo, tu devi, lui/lei deve, noi dobbiamo, voi dovete, loro devono

Usage Highlights

Potere expresses possibility or permission, such as Posso provare quella giacca? (Can I try on that jacket?). Dovere expresses necessity or obligation, for example, Devo scegliere la taglia giusta (I must choose the right size). Volere conveys desire or intention, like Vuoi questo vestito rosso? (Do you want this red dress?).

Differences from English

In Italian, these modal verbs are directly followed by an infinitive verb without a preposition, unlike English where some modal verbs are standalone or followed by an infinitive with "to." For instance, posso entrare means "I can enter," where entrare is the infinitive directly following posso. Also, Italian uses specific forms for each subject, so it's important to master their conjugations.

Useful phrases:

  • Posso aiutarti? — Can I help you?
  • Devo studiare. — I must study.
  • Voglio mangiare. — I want to eat.

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 12:43