This lesson explains when Dutch adjectives take the ending -e, covering cases with de-woorden and het-woorden before nouns, like 'de grote hond' and 'een dik boek'. Learn to use adjectives correctly with examples such as 'deze mooie auto' and 'mijn nieuwe auto'.
  1. Adjectives often appear before the noun.
  2. The adjective usually gets an -e.
Woordeinde (Word ending)  Voorbeeld (Example)
+eEnkelvoud (Singular)de
het
de grote hond (the big dog)
het dikke boek (the thick book)
Meervoud (Plural)dede mooie huizen (the beautiful houses)
Met 'een'de-woordeneen grote hond (a big dog)
 deze, dit, die, dat + bijvoeglijk naamwoorddeze grote auto (this large car)
dit schattige kind (this cute child)
dat leuke boek (that nice book)
 bezittelijk voornaamwoord + bijvoeglijk naamwoordmijn nieuwe auto (my new car)
jouw oude huis (your old house)
onze mooie auto (our beautiful car)
-Met 'een'het-woordeneen dik boek (a thick book)
 Zijn + wordenHij wordt groot. (He is growing up.)
Ik ben erg ziek. (I am very ill.)
 Een zelfstandig bijvoeglijk naamwoord na "wat"Wat lief van je! (How sweet of you!)
Wat goed! (How good!)

Exercise 1: Bijvoeglijk naamwoord met of zonder -e

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

duurzaam, grote, elektrische, aardig, lange, mooi, gevaarlijke, favoriete

1. Gevaarlijk:
Die ... fietser had bijna een ongeval veroorzaakt.
(The dangerous cyclist had nearly caused an accident.)
2. Favoriet:
Onze ... treinrit is door de bergen.
(Our favourite train ride is through the mountains.)
3. Mooi:
Dat is een ... voorbeeld van duurzaam vervoer.
(That is a good example of sustainable transport.)
4. Elektrisch:
Mijn ... auto rijdt heel stil.
(My electric car drives very quietly.)
5. Groot:
We hebben dat ... huis gekocht in de stad.
(We bought that big house in the city.)
6. Duurzaam:
Het is een ... idee om met de fiets te gaan.
(It is a sustainable idea to go by bike.)
7. Aardig:
Wat ... van je om mee te fietsen!
(How kind of you to cycle along!)
8. Lang:
Die ... rit was echt vermoeiend.
(The long ride was really tiring.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence with the proper use of the adjective with or without -e, fitting the context of daily transportation.

1.
After 'a' (een) the adjective before a de-word must also get an -e: 'fast' (snelle), not 'snel'.
With a de-word, the adjective must get an -e: 'fast' (snelle) instead of 'snel'.
2.
Without an article, the adjective before a de-word also needs an -e, but here the article is missing, making the sentence incomplete.
After 'a' (een) with a de-word, the adjective must get an -e: 'new' (nieuwe), not 'nieuw'.
3.
'Road' (weg) is a de-word; therefore 'this' (dit), which is for het-words, is incorrect in this context.
After 'this' (deze), the adjective must get an -e: 'wide' (brede).
4.
'Book' is a het-word and uses the article 'het', not 'de'; moreover, the adjective gets an -e with 'de', but here the article is incorrect.
With the het-word 'book' and 'a' (een), the adjective should be without -e: 'thick' (dik), not 'thick' with -e (dikke).

Adjectives With and Without the -e Ending in Dutch

This lesson focuses on the use of adjectives (bijvoeglijk naamwoorden) in Dutch, specifically when they require the suffix -e and when they do not. Understanding this will help you correctly describe nouns in various contexts.

General Rule

Adjectives are usually placed before the noun in Dutch, and most often, the adjective receives an -e ending. However, there are specific cases where the adjective remains without the -e.

When to Use the -e Ending

  • Before singular nouns with the article de or het (in singular the -e usually appears with de-words).
  • Before plural nouns (the article is de).
  • After indefinite articles een with de-woorden: e.g., een grote hond (a big dog).
  • After demonstrative pronouns like deze, dit, die, dat combined with an adjective: e.g., deze grote auto (this big car).
  • After possessive pronouns with adjectives: e.g., mijn nieuwe auto (my new car).

When NOT to Use the -e Ending

  • With indefinite articles een before het-woorden (neuter nouns): e.g., een dik boek (a thick book).
  • With the verbs zijn (to be) and worden (to become): e.g., Hij wordt groot. (He becomes big.)
  • When an adjective is used alone after wat: e.g., Wat lief van je! (How sweet of you!).

Examples Summary

  • de grote hond – the big dog
  • het dikke boek – the thick book
  • de mooie huizen – the beautiful houses
  • een grote hond – a big dog (de-word)
  • een dik boek – a thick book (het-word, no -e)
  • mijn nieuwe auto – my new car
  • Hij wordt groot. – He becomes big.
  • Wat goed! – How good!

Important Notes for English Speakers

In English, adjectives do not change form based on the noun's gender or number:

  • English sentence: the big dog and the big house use the same adjective form big.
  • In Dutch, adjectives adopt an -e suffix or not depending on the noun’s gender (de vs. het words) and grammatical context.

This means that learning which nouns are de-woorden and which are het-woorden affects adjective endings. Also, articles (de, het, een) and pronouns (deze, dit) influence adjective forms.

Useful Words and Phrases

  • bijvoeglijk naamwoord – adjective
  • de-woorden – common gender nouns (usually masculine/feminine)
  • het-woorden – neuter gender nouns
  • een – a/an (indefinite article)
  • de – the (common gender)
  • het – the (neuter)
  • deze – this (de-word)
  • dit – this (het-word)
  • wat – what/some (used with adjectives alone)

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 02/09/2025 01:45