This lesson covers passive sentences in Dutch, focusing on verb forms with hulpwerkwoord 'worden' or 'zijn' plus a voltooid deelwoord, e.g., 'Het videogesprek wordt gestart' and 'Het gesprek is gestart.'
  1. A passive sentence often has no subject.
  2. A passive sentence always contains a form of the auxiliary verb worden or zijn and a past participle.
  3. In a passive sentence, the acting person is indicated with 'door', which can usually be omitted.
Werkwoordstijd (Verb tense)Actief (active)Passief (Passive)
onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd (present simple tense)Jan start het videogesprek. (Jan starts the video call.)Het videogesprek wordt gestart (door Jan). (The video call is started (by Jan).)
onvoltooid verleden tijd (imperfect tense)Hij gebruikte zijn computer nauwelijks. (He hardly used his computer.)Zijn computer werd nauwelijks gebruikt (door hem). (His computer was hardly used (by him).)
voltooid tegenwoordige tijd (present perfect tense)Anna heeft het videogesprek afgebroken. (Anna has ended the video call.)Het videogesprek is afgebroken (door Anna). (The video call has been disconnected (by Anna).)
voltooid verleden tijd (past perfect tense)Ik had het gesprek gestart. (I had started the conversation.)Het gesprek was gestart (door mij). (The conversation was started (by me).)

Exercise 1: Passieve zinnen

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

is, werd, wordt, was

1.
De laptop ... vorige week niet goed verbonden.
(The laptop was not connected properly last week.)
2.
De uitrusting ... dagelijks schoongemaakt.
(The equipment is cleaned daily.)
3.
De verbinding ... regelmatig getest op snelheid.
(The connection is regularly tested for speed.)
4.
De verbinding ... meteen hersteld na de storing.
(The connection was immediately restored after the fault.)
5.
Het platform ... al meerdere keren getest vandaag.
(The platform has been tested several times today.)
6.
De digitale uitrusting ... geleverd door een extern bedrijf.
(The digital equipment is supplied by an external company.)
7.
De computer ... gisteren door de technicus gerepareerd.
(The computer was repaired by the technician yesterday.)
8.
Het videogesprek ... elke ochtend automatisch gestart.
(The video call is automatically started every morning.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct passive sentence. Pay attention to whether the sentence has the correct passive form with auxiliary verb 'worden' or 'zijn' and a past participle, and whether the sentence is grammatically correct.

1.
Het hulpwerkwoord 'wordt' staat hier twee keer, wat fout is in passieve constructies.
Het hulpwerkwoord 'wordt' wordt hier dubbel gebruikt, wat niet correct is in een passieve zin.
2.
Dit is een actieve zin zonder passieve vorm en dus niet correct binnen deze oefening.
'Door' moet gevolgd worden door een handelende persoon; dat ontbreekt hier, waardoor de zin fout is.
3.
In deze context hoort voor onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd het hulpwerkwoord 'worden' gebruikt te worden, niet 'is'.
Dit is een actieve zin en bevat geen passieve constructie.
4.
Het combineren van verschillende tijdsvormen binnen één passieve zin is incorrect.
De toevoeging van 'waren' is grammaticaal onjuist en maakt de zin fout.

Understanding Passive Sentences in Dutch

This lesson focuses on the formation and use of passive sentences in Dutch, known as passieve zinnen. The passive voice shifts the focus from the subject performing the action to the object receiving the action. This is essential for expressing situations where the doer of the action is unknown, unimportant, or deliberately omitted.

Key Characteristics of Passive Sentences

  • Passive sentences emphasize the object of the action rather than the subject. For example: ‘De laptop wordt gebruikt’ (The laptop is being used).
  • They often do not have a subject, or the doer is introduced with ‘door’ (by), which can usually be left out.
  • Every passive sentence includes a form of the auxiliary verbs ‘worden’ (to become) or ‘zijn’ (to be) combined with a past participle (voltooid deelwoord).

Formation of Passive Voice Across Tenses

Here is a summary of how passive sentences are formed in different verb tenses with example sentences:

Verb TenseActive ExamplePassive Example
Present (onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd)Jan start het videogesprek.Het videogesprek wordt gestart (door Jan).
Past (onvoltooid verleden tijd)Hij gebruikte zijn computer nauwelijks.Zijn computer werd gebruikt (door hem).
Present Perfect (voltooid tegenwoordige tijd)Anna heeft het videogesprek afgebroken.Het videogesprek is afgebroken (door Anna).
Past Perfect (voltooid verleden tijd)Ik had het gesprek gestart.Het gesprek was gestart (door mij).

Important Vocabulary and Expressions

  • worden – auxiliary verb used in passive constructions to indicate a change or action happening (similar to “to be” or “to become” in English passive forms).
  • zijn – auxiliary verb used mainly with perfect tenses to indicate a state or completed action.
  • voltooid deelwoord – past participle form of the verb, essential in forming passive voice.
  • door – preposition meaning “by,” used to introduce the agent performing the action.

Differences and Useful Notes for English Speakers

In Dutch, the passive is constructed using ‘worden’ or ‘zijn’ plus a past participle, differing from English which mainly uses a form of “to be” plus past participle. For example, ‘Het verslag wordt bijgewerkt’ corresponds to “The report is being updated.”

Note that ‘worden’ is often used in present and past tenses for actions happening or that happened, while ‘zijn’ is used with perfect tenses describing states or completed actions.

Some useful phrases to recognize and practice passive voice include:

  • wordt gestart – is started
  • werd gebruikt – was used
  • is afgebroken – has been broken off
  • was gestart – had been started

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Monday, 01/09/2025 10:28