Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

This lesson covers Dutch indefinite pronouns such as ieder, elk, alles, wat, wie, and allemaal. It teaches their usage with nouns, differences between de-woorden and het-woorden, and provides practical examples for learners at A1 level to understand referring to non-specific persons or things in natural Dutch.
  1. 'Ieder' is used for persons, 'elk' for things.
  2. You use ieder/elk for het-woorden.
  3. You use 'ieder/elke' for 'de-woorden'.
  4. 'Wie' refers to persons.
  5. 'Wat' says something about zaken.
GebruikVoornaamwoord (Pronoun)Voorbeeld (Example)
Bijvoeglijk gebruik (Adjective use)ieder(e) (every)Ieder mens heeft een naam. (Every person has a name.)
Iedere leerling is geslaagd. (Every student has passed.)
elk(e) (each)Elk huis heeft een deur. (Every house has a door.)
Ik ontbijt elke dag. (I have breakfast every day.)
Zelfstandig gebruik (Independent use)ieder (each)Aan ieder gaf hij een geschenk. (He gave a gift to each one.)
elk (each)Op elk van haar broeken zit een vlek. (There is a stain on each of her trousers.)
alles (Everything is possible.)Alles is mogelijk. (Everything is possible.)
wie (Everything is possible.)Wie het eerst komt, mag kiezen. (Whoever comes first may choose.)
wat (What you do, everything is good.)Wat je maar doet, alles is goed. (Whatever you do, everything is fine.)
allemaal (all)Hebben jullie allemaal de opdracht gemaakt? (Have you all completed the assignment?)

Exceptions!

  1. With an interrogative pronoun, as an indefinite pronoun you can only use allemaal.
  2. Alles you use for matters.

Exercise 1: Onbepaalde voornaamworden (ieder, elk, alles, wat, wie, allemaal)

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Elke, Ieder, Iedere, allemaal, elk, Elk, Alles

1.
... leerling doet zijn best in de klas.
(Every student does their best in class.)
2.
In ... huis staat een oven in de keuken.
(In every house, there is an oven in the kitchen.)
3.
... van ons gebruikt wel eens een stofzuiger.
(Each of us uses a vacuum cleaner at times.)
4.
Wie gebruikt ... het strijkijzer?
(Who is using the iron?)
5.
... in de wasmachine wordt schoon gewassen.
(Everything in the washing machine is washed clean.)
6.
... vriezer moet regelmatig schoongemaakt worden.
(Every freezer must be cleaned regularly.)
7.
... kast in de keuken is vol.
(Every cupboard in the kitchen is full.)
8.
... kind mag meedoen met het spel.
(Every child may participate in the game.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. ___ dag gebruik ik de wasmachine om de kleren schoon te maken.

(___ day I use the washing machine to clean the clothes.)

2. ___ apparaat in de keuken heeft een gebruiksaanwijzing.

(___ appliance in the kitchen has an instruction manual.)

3. ___ in het huis werkt goed, van de oven tot de koelkast.

(___ in the house works well, from the oven to the refrigerator.)

4. ___ de televisie aanzet, moet ook zorgen dat hij weer uitgaat.

(___ turns on the TV must also make sure it is turned off again.)

5. Hebben jullie ___ het stofzuigen gedaan?

(Did you ___ do the vacuuming?)

6. ___ oven in dit appartement werkt op elektriciteit.

(___ oven in this apartment runs on electricity.)

Indefinite Pronouns in Dutch: Ieder, Elk, Alles, Wat, Wie, Allemaal

This lesson introduces you to common Dutch indefinite pronouns: ieder, elk, alles, wat, wie, and allemaal. These pronouns refer to non-specific people or things and are essential for everyday communication.

Use of Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns can be used in two main ways:

  • Adjective use: modifying a noun directly, as in ieder mens (every person) and elk huis (every house).
  • Substantive use: standing alone as a pronoun, like iedereen or alles.

Key Pronouns and Examples

  • Ieder is primarily used for people. Example: "Ieder mens heeft een naam." (Every person has a name.)
  • Elk is primarily for things or objects. Example: "Elk huis heeft een deur." (Every house has a door.)
  • Alles refers to everything collectively. Example: "Alles is mogelijk." (Everything is possible.)
  • Wie refers to people, often in questions or relative clauses. Example: "Wie het eerst komt, mag kiezen." (Whoever comes first may choose.)
  • Wat refers to things or matters, as in "Wat je maar doet, alles is goed." (Whatever you do, all is fine.)
  • Allemaal can be used in a question form involving groups. Example: "Hebben jullie allemaal de opdracht gemaakt?" (Have you all done the assignment?)

Grammar Notes

Ieder and elk change form depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify:

  • Ieder and elk are used with het-woorden (neuter nouns) in singular.
  • Iedere and elke are used with de-woorden (common gender nouns) in singular.

Instruction and Dutch Language Differences

Unlike English indefinite pronouns like "each" or "every," Dutch distinguishes between gender and specific noun classes (de-woorden and het-woorden). For example, "ieder" is gender-specific, aligning with singular neuter nouns, while "iedere" fits singular common gender nouns. Also, Dutch uses allemaal to refer to groups collectively in questions, which doesn't have a direct single-word equivalent in English.

Useful phrases include:

  • Ieder mens – every person
  • Elk huis – every house
  • Alles is mogelijk – everything is possible
  • Wie het eerst komt – whoever comes first
  • Wat je maar doet – whatever you do
  • Jullie allemaal – you all (collectively)

Understanding and practicing these pronouns will help you describe people, things, and situations flexibly and accurately in Dutch.

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 29/05/2025 16:34