Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn how to form and use the simple past tense (onvoltooid verleden tijd) for weak verbs in Dutch. This lesson covers rules for adding endings like -te(n) and -de(n), examples of conjugations, and practical usage for describing past actions and habits.
  1. You use the onvoltooid verleden tijd to describe something
  2. You use the onvoltooid verleden tijd for actions that have taken place one after the other.
  3. You use the onvoltooid verleden tijd when something happened frequently in the past or was a habit.
  4. Does the stem end in softketchup? Add -te(n).
  5. No softketchup? Add -de(n).
  6. Singular = -te or -de
  7. Plural = -ten or -den.
 Werken (To work)Voelen (to feel)Wachten (to wait)Openen (to open)
ikwerktevoeldewachtteopende
jij, jewerktevoeldewachtteopende
hij, zij, hetwerktevoeldewachtteopende
wij, wewerktenvoeldenwachttenopenden
julliewerktenvoeldenwachttenopenden
zij, zewerktenvoeldenwachttenopenden

Exercise 1: Onvoltooid verleden tijd: zwakke werkwoorden

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

wandelde, huurden, maakte, bevestigde, probeerde, meldde, leerde, wachtte

1. Proberen:
De ambtenaar ... wakker te blijven tijdens de vergadering.
(The civil servant tried to stay awake during the meeting.)
2. Maken:
De ambtenaar ... een kopie van mijn paspoort.
(The civil servant made a copy of my passport.)
3. Bevestigen:
Ik ... mijn afspraak via de telefoon.
(I confirmed my appointment by phone.)
4. Wandelen:
Hij ... naar het stadhuis voor zijn afspraak.
(He walked to the town hall for his appointment.)
5. Wachten:
Mijn moeder ... een uur op de afspraak.
(My mother waited an hour for the appointment.)
6. Huren:
Wij ... een woning via een officieel formulier.
(We rented a house using an official form.)
7. Melden:
Ik ... mijn nieuwe baan bij de gemeente.
(I reported my new job to the municipality.)
8. Leren:
De student ... veel over sociale zekerheid.
(The student learned a lot about social security.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the simple past tense of weak verbs. Pay close attention to the stem and the correct ending (-te/-ten or -de/-den) for singular and plural.

1.
Double 't' is wrong. Singular 1st person is 'werkte' with one 't'.
Incorrect ending '-de'. The stem ends with a voiceless consonant 'k', so you use '-te': 'werkte'.
2.
The stem does not end in a voiceless consonant, so no '-ten', but '-den' in plural: 'voelden' is correct.
Wrong letter order and ending. Correct is 'voelden' without extra letters.
3.
The sentence is grammatically correct, but the placement of 'not' is unusual and makes the sentence less natural.
Double 'd' is not correct. The correct ending is '-te' for a stem ending in 't'.
4.
Incorrect ending and letter order. Correct is 'openden' for plural.
Wrong letter order. The correct form is 'openden'.

Understanding the Simple Past Tense: Weak Verbs

This lesson focuses on the onvoltooid verleden tijd, known in English as the simple past tense, specifically for weak verbs in Dutch. You will learn how to form and use this tense, which is essential for describing past actions and habits.

How to Form the Simple Past Tense

The simple past tense is formed by combining the stem of the verb with -te(n) or -de(n). For example, werken becomes werkte and voelen becomes voelde. The choice between -te(n) and -de(n) depends on the ending sound of the stem.

Usage of the Simple Past Tense

  • To describe actions that happened in the past, especially those occurring one after another.
  • To talk about past habits or repeated actions.

Important Rules

  • If the stem ends with a consonant from the softketchup group (like t, k, f, etc.), add -te or -ten.
  • If not, add -de or -den.
  • Singular forms always take -te or -de, plural forms take -ten or -den.

Example Verbs and Conjugations

Werken (to work)Voelen (to feel)Wachten (to wait)Openen (to open)
ik (I)werktevoeldewachtteopende
jij/je (you singular)werktevoeldewachtteopende
hij/zij/het (he/she/it)werktevoeldewachtteopende
wij/we (we)werktenvoeldenwachttenopenden
jullie (you plural)werktenvoeldenwachttenopenden
zij/ze (they)werktenvoeldenwachttenopenden

Notes on Differences Between Dutch and English

Dutch simple past formation depends heavily on the stem's last consonant, unlike English which mostly uses a universal '-ed' ending. This makes pronunciation and spelling rules more complex in Dutch. Also, the plural forms in Dutch are distinct with the -ten or -den endings, whereas English does not differentiate the verb form by number in the past tense.

Useful Dutch phrases:
Ik werkte (I worked)
Wij voelden (We felt)
Hij wachtte (He waited)
Jullie openden (You opened)

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

Profile Picture

Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

University_Logo

Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 08:37