Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn Dutch personal pronouns such as ik, jij, hij, and wij. Understand their singular and plural forms, formal versus informal usage, and special cases like the neuter pronoun 'het.' This lesson helps beginners grasp how to use these pronouns correctly in everyday conversation, featuring examples and key distinctions from English.
  1. First person: 'ik' for singular, 'wij' for plural.
  2. Second person: 'jij' for informal, 'u' for formal.
  3. Third person: 'hij' for masculine, 'zij' for feminine.
Persoon (Person)Enkelvoud (Singular)Meervoud (plural)
1. ikwij / we
2. jij / je / ujullie
3. hij / zij / zezij / ze
3. (onzijdig)het / 't 

Exceptions!

  1. Use 'je' in informal situations instead of 'jij'.
  2. Use 'u' for polite or formal situations.
  3. The neuter pronoun 'het' refers to things or ideas.
  4. Je, ze, en we cannot be used for contrast or emphasis, such as: 'Wie heeft de afwas gedaan? Zij heeft dat gedaan, jij niet!'

Exercise 1: Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden (ik, jij, hij,…)

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Het, Zij, Ik, Jullie, Jij, Wij, U

1.
... gaan naar de markt.
(We are going to the market.)
2.
... is tijd om te gaan.
(It is time to go.)
3.
... bent meneer Jansen, toch?
(You are Mr Jansen, aren't you?)
4.
... woon in Amsterdam.
(I live in Amsterdam.)
5.
... woont in Rotterdam.
(She lives in Rotterdam.)
6.
... leren Nederlands.
(You are learning Dutch.)
7.
... zijn mijn vrienden.
(They are my friends.)
8.
... spreekt Nederlands.
(You speak Dutch.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. ___ begin de vergadering nu.

(___ am starting the meeting now.)

2. Wilt ___ een kopje koffie?

(Would ___ like a cup of coffee?)

3. ___ bent vandaag erg vriendelijk.

(___ are very friendly today.)

4. ___ gaat morgen naar de training.

(___ is going to training tomorrow.)

5. ___ hebben het rapport klaar.

(___ have the report ready.)

6. ___ kunt je vragen stellen als je wilt.

(___ can ask your questions if you want.)

Introduction to Dutch Personal Pronouns

This lesson covers the fundamental Dutch personal pronouns, which are essential for everyday conversation at the A1 beginner level. Personal pronouns replace nouns when referring to people or things and act as subjects in sentences.

Singular and Plural Forms

There are different personal pronouns depending on the person and number:

  • First person: ik (I) for singular and wij / we (we) for plural.
  • Second person: jij / je (you, informal singular), u (you, formal singular), and jullie (you, plural).
  • Third person: hij (he), zij / ze (she or they) and the neuter het / 't (it).

Usage Notes

Informal you can be jij or the shortened je, used in casual conversations, while u is reserved for polite or formal contexts, such as speaking with strangers or elders.

The neuter pronoun het is used for things or abstract ideas, not people.

Some pronouns like je, we, and ze cannot be emphasized or contrasted directly, which differs from English usage.

Important Differences with English

Dutch personal pronouns distinguish more clearly between formal and informal 'you' (u vs. jij/je), unlike English, which uses 'you' for all situations.

Also, the third person plural pronoun zij/ze means both 'she' and 'they,' so context is important.

Examples of useful pronouns and phrases include:

  • Ik begin de vergadering nu. - I am starting the meeting now.
  • Wilt u een kopje koffie? - Would you like a cup of coffee? (formal)
  • Jij bent vandaag erg vriendelijk. - You are very friendly today.

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