Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

This lesson covers Dutch separable verbs (scheidbare werkwoorden), explaining their structure with prefixes and how they separate in sentences. It offers examples, key grammar rules, and highlights differences with English verb prefixes to help learners at the A2 level understand and use separable verbs in context.
  1. The first part is often a prefix or an adjective.
  2. The verbal part is conjugated like regular verbs.
  3. Past participle: ge- comes between the prefix and the verb. For example: 'tegenkomen' ⇒ 'tegengekomen'
Voorvoegsel (prefix)Werkwoord (Verb)Voorbeeldzin (Example sentence)
op-opruimen (to tidy up)Ik ruim mijn bureau op na het werk. (I tidy up my desk after work.)
tegen-tegenkomen (to come across)Ik kom veel leuke vacatures tegen op het internet. (I come across many nice job vacancies on the internet.)
mee-meebrengen (to bring along)Ik breng mijn cv mee naar de sollicitatie. (I bring my CV along to the interview.)
toe-toelaten (to admit)We laten geen nieuwe werknemers toe. (We do not admit new employees.)
terug-terugbellen (to call back)De werkgever belt je terug na de sollicitatie. (The employer calls you back after the interview.)
bij-bijwerken (to update)Ik werk mijn cv bij. (I update my CV.)
uit-uitnodigen (to invite)Het bedrijf nodigt kandidaten uit voor een gesprek. (The company invites candidates for an interview.)
af-afstuderen (to graduate)Hij studeerde vorig jaar af aan de universiteit. (He graduated from university last year.)
binnen-binnenkomen (to come in)Ik kom om 9 uur binnen bij mijn sollicitatie. (I come in at 9 o'clock to my job interview.)
na-nakijken (to check)Ik kijk mijn sollicitatiebrief goed na om fouten te vermijden. (I carefully check my cover letter to avoid mistakes.)

Exceptions!

  1. Not separable if the stress falls on the second part.
  2. Verbs with the prefixes be-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-, er- are inseparable.

Exercise 1: Scheidbare werkwoorden

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

stuurt, zoekt, maakt, neemt, uitgenodigd, bel, bijgewerkt

1. Klaarmaken:
De sollicitant ... zijn cv klaar voor het sollicitatiegesprek.
(The applicant is preparing his CV for the job interview.)
2. Opsturen:
Hij ... de sollicitatiebrief vandaag op naar de werkgever.
(He sends the job application letter to the employer today.)
3. Meenemen:
De werkgever ... de sollicitant mee naar het gesprek.
(The employer takes the applicant along to the interview.)
4. Bijwerken:
De jobbeschrijving wordt elke week ... door de werkgever.
(The job description is updated every week by the employer.)
5. Terugbellen:
Ik ... het uitzendbureau terug voor een afspraak.
(I call the employment agency back for an appointment.)
6. Uitnodigen:
Ik ben ... voor een sollicitatiegesprek.
(I have been invited for a job interview.)
7. Uitzoeken:
Het uitzendbureau ... een geschikte kandidaat uit.
(The employment agency selects a suitable candidate.)
8. Aannemen:
De werkgever ... nieuwe medewerkers aan voor het bedrijf.
(The employer hires new employees for the company.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct form of the separable verb for each sentence. Pay close attention to the position of the prefix and the correct conjugation of the verb.

1.
Here the prefix 'op' is incorrectly attached to the conjugated verb 'ruim'. For separable verbs the prefix must be separate in a main clause.
The order is wrong; the conjugated verb must be immediately after the subject and the prefix separate behind it.
2.
With separable verbs the prefix usually stands separate in the main clause, not attached to the verb.
The word order is incorrect; the prefix does not stand immediately after the verb.
3.
The position of 'na' is wrong; it must be directly behind the conjugated verb, not after the direct object.
The prefix 'na' is erroneously attached to the verb here. With separable verbs the prefix must be separate in a main clause.
4.
Here the verb is conjugated wrongly and the prefix is not separate. Past participle without auxiliary verb is wrong.
The placement of the adverb 'last year' should not be between the verb and the prefix.

Learn About Separable Verbs in Dutch

This lesson introduces separable verbs (scheidbare werkwoorden) in Dutch, which are essential for building everyday conversations and understanding sentence structure. Separable verbs consist of two parts: a prefix and a main verb, such as schoonmaken (to clean), weglopen (to walk away), and opeten (to eat up).

Structure of Separable Verbs

In Dutch, the prefix often stands apart from the verb in sentences, especially in main clauses. For example, we say Ik ruim mijn bureau op (I tidy up my desk), with op separated from ruim. Common prefixes include op-, tegen-, mee-, toe-, and terug-.

Key Rules and Examples

  • The main verb is conjugated normally.
  • In the past participle, ge- is inserted between the prefix and verb: for example, tegenkomen becomes tegengekomen.
  • Some prefixes, like be-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-, and er-, form inseparable verbs and do not split.

Examples of Common Separable Verbs

  • opruimen — Ik ruim mijn bureau op na het werk.
  • tegenkomen — Ik kom veel leuke vacatures tegen.
  • meebrengen — Ik breng mijn cv mee naar de sollicitatie.
  • terugbellen — De werkgever belt je terug na het gesprek.
  • uitnodigen — Het bedrijf nodigt kandidaten uit.

Differences from English and Useful Tips

In English, prefixes usually remain attached to the verb (e.g., "to clean up"), but in Dutch, they often separate in main clauses. This can be challenging at first. Remember, in questions or subordinate clauses, the verb and prefix stay together. For example, "Ik ruim mijn bureau op" vs. "Ruim jij je bureau op?"

Useful phrases to practice: opruimen (to tidy up), meebrengen (to bring along), terugbellen (to call back), uitnodigen (to invite), and afstuderen (to graduate).

Focus on the position of the prefix and verb to master the separable verb form.

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 16:16