Learn about Dutch strong verbs and their vowel changes in the past simple tense (onvoltooid verleden tijd) and past participle (voltooid deelwoord). This lesson covers key examples such as krijgen, kiezen, and trekken, highlighting correct conjugation and usage for effective communication at the A2 level.
- Strong verbs are verbs that deviate from the general conjugation rules.
- Strong verbs change the vowel in the simple past tense.
- Voltooid deelwoord often ends with '-en' or 'ge- + stem + en'.
| Infinitief | O.V.T. | Voltooid deelwoord |
|---|---|---|
| Krijgen (To get) | kreeg | gekregen |
| Kiezen (Choose) | koos | gekozen |
| Trekken (To pull) | trok | getrokken |
| Vragen (To ask) | vroeg | gevraagd |
| Doen (To do) | deed | gedaan |
| Gaan (To go) | ging | gegaan |
| Houden (To keep) | hield | gehouden |
| Komen (Come) | kwam | gekomen |
| Denken (To think) | dacht | gedacht |
| Zeggen (Say) | zei | gezegd |
Exercise 1: Sterke werkwoorden: onvoltooid verleden tijd en voltooid deelwoord
Instruction: Fill in the correct word.
gebleven, aangedaan, las, wist, kocht, droeg, Zag, zei
1.
Zeggen:
Ze ... dat mijn jurk erg in de mode is op het moment.
(She said that my dress is very fashionable at the moment.)
2.
Zien:
... jij van welk merk die jas was?
(Did you see what brand that jacket was?)
3.
Lezen:
Opa ... altijd modebladen uit dat tijdperk.
(Grandpa always read fashion magazines from that era.)
4.
Weten:
Ik ... niet dat jij zo met mode bezig bent.
(I didn't know that you are so into fashion.)
5.
Kopen:
Ik ... een vintage jurk in de tweedehandswinkel.
(I bought a vintage dress in the secondhand shop.)
6.
Blijven:
De stijl van mijn moeder is altijd een beetje ouderwets ....
(My mother's style has always remained a bit old-fashioned.)
7.
Aandoen:
We hebben onze nieuwe outfit ...
(We have put on our new outfit)
8.
Dragen:
Hij ... een hippe jas op het feest.
(He wore a trendy jacket at the party.)
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct sentence with the proper use of strong verbs in the simple past tense or the past participle. Pay attention to the sound change and the correct past participle.
1.
The verb 'kopen' (to buy) is a strong verb that becomes 'kocht' in the past tense, and the past participle is 'gekocht'. However, the simple past tense is needed here because it concerns 'yesterday'.
'Buyed' is incorrect; the verb 'kopen' changes irregularly to 'kocht' in the past tense, not 'buyed'.
2.
'Choosed' is not a correct conjugation of the verb 'kiezen' (to choose).
This sentence is duplicated and incorrectly marked. The correct form is 'gekozen'; any other spellings are wrong.
3.
'Wasen' is not a correct word; it should be 'was'.
'Putted' does not exist; the correct plural past tense form is 'trokken'.
4.
'Keeped' is not a correct form; it should be 'hield'.
'Hielden' is plural and does not match the singular 'she' in this context.
