Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn how to form the German perfect tense using the auxiliary verbs "sein" and "haben" plus the past participle. This lesson explains when to use each helper verb, with examples like "Ich bin gegangen" and "Ich habe bestellt," covering verbs of movement, change of state, and exceptions for transitive verbs. Understand important nuances that differ from English to improve your past tense usage.
  1. The perfect tense always consists of two parts: the auxiliary verb sein or haben in the present tense and the past participle of the main verb.
  2. The auxiliary verb always occupies the second position, the past participle II is at the end of the sentence.
  3. Haben is used with most verbs, sein is used with verbs of movement or change of state.
Person (Person)Hilfsverb (sein) (auxiliary verb (to be))
z.B. gehen  (e.g. to go)
Partizip II (past participle)Hilfsverb (haben) (auxiliary verb (haben))
z.B. bestellen (e.g. to order)
Partizip II (past participle)
Ichbingegangen

Beispiel: Ich bin zum Restaurant gegangen.
habe

bestellt

Beispiel: Ich habe Essen bestellt.

Dubisthast
Er/sie/esisthat
Wirsindhaben
Ihrseidhabt
Siesindhaben

Exceptions!

  1. Some verbs of motion take haben when they are connected with an object: Er hat das Fahrrad gefahren (Akkusativobjekt!)
  2. Some verbs can have both, depending on the meaning: Ich habe geschlafen (state) -> Ich bin eingeschlafen (change of state)

Exercise 1: Das Perfekt: Bildung mit „sein“ und „haben“

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

gekommen, habe, getrunken, gegessen, habt, gefahren, ist, gegangen, bestellt, haben, bist, hast

1.
Gehen: Du ... zur Bar ....
(Go: You have gone to the bar.)
2.
Kommen: Der Kellner ... sofort an den Tisch ....
(Come: The waiter came to the table immediately.)
3.
Trinken: Ihr ... ein Bier ....
(Drink: You have drunk a beer.)
4.
Essen: Wir ... den Salat ....
(Eating: We have eaten the salad.)
5.
Fahren: Deine Schwester ... zur Pizzeria ....
(Drive: Your sister has driven to the pizzeria.)
6.
Bestellen: Du ... ein leckeres Gericht ....
(Ordering: You have ordered a delicious dish.)
7.
Bestellen: Ich ... nur ein Getränk ....
(Order: I only ordered one drink.)
8.
Essen: Ihr ... in der Pizzeria ....
(You ate at the pizzeria.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Ich habe gestern ein neues Buch _______.

(I bought a new book ______ yesterday.)

2. Wir sind letzte Woche nach Berlin _______.

(We went to Berlin last week ______.)

3. Er hat die Speisekarte _______.

(He read the menu ______.)

4. Sie hat das Essen _______.

(She ordered the food ______.)

5. Ich bin heute früh _______.

(I got up early today ______.)

6. Wir haben viel Arbeit _______.

(We did a lot of work ______.)

Understanding the German Perfect Tense: Using "sein" and "haben"

This lesson focuses on forming the perfect tense (das Perfekt) in German, essential for expressing past actions in everyday conversation. You'll learn how to combine two key components: an auxiliary verb (either sein or haben in the present tense) and the past participle (Partizip II) of the main verb.

Key Points of the Lesson

  • The auxiliary verb is placed in the second position of the sentence, while the past participle comes at the end.
  • "Haben" is the most common auxiliary verb, used with the majority of verbs, especially transitive and non-motion verbs.
  • "Sein" is used mainly with verbs indicating movement or a change of state, such as gehen (to go) or aufstehen (to get up).
  • Some verbs can use either auxiliary depending on the meaning, for example, schlafen (to sleep, using haben) versus einschlafen (to fall asleep, using sein).

Examples to Keep in Mind

"Ich bin gegangen zum Restaurant." (I went to the restaurant) uses sein because it expresses movement.

"Ich habe bestellt Essen." (I ordered food) uses haben as it involves an action without movement.

Additional Notes

Some movement verbs take haben instead of sein when accompanied by a direct object, e.g., "Er hat das Fahrrad gefahren" (He rode the bike).

German vs English Differences and Useful Expressions

In English, the perfect tense is formed with "have" plus the past participle, regardless of the verb, whereas German distinguishes between sein and haben based on movement and state changes.

Useful German phrases include: Ich bin gekommen (I have come), Wir haben gemacht (We have done), contrasting with English always using "have." Understanding this difference helps avoid common mistakes when forming past sentences in German.

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 02:07