Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn the basic German conjunctions: und, oder, aber, weil, and denn. This lesson explains their uses, with examples showing how to connect words and clauses to express addition, choice, contrast, and reasons. Understand the differences in word order and when to use each conjunction for clearer, more natural German sentences.
Konjunktion (Conjunction)Verwendung (Usage)Beispiel (Example)
undVerbindet gleichwertige Teile. (Connects equivalent parts.)Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu. (I eat bread rolls and drink water with them.)
oderVerbindet Alternativen. (Connects alternatives.)Willst du Tee oder Kaffee? (Do you want tea or coffee?)
aberVerbindet Gegensätze. (Connects opposites.)Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst. (I like to eat bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
weilGibt einen Grund oder eine Ursache an. (Indicates a reason or cause.)Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist. (I am drinking water, because the milk is empty.)
dennGibt einen Grund an (nur in Hauptsätzen). (Gives a reason (only in main clauses).)Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank. (I can eat nothing, for I feel sick.)

Exercise 1: Konjunktionen (aber, denn, oder, weil, und)

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

oder, und, denn, weil, aber

1.
Sie isst viel Obst, ... sie krank ist.
(She eats a lot of fruit because she is ill.)
2.
Wir können einen Kaffee trinken gehen, ... wir bleiben zu Hause.
(We can go for a coffee, or we’ll stay at home.)
3.
Ich bin Köchin, ... ich gerne koche.
(I am a cook because I like cooking.)
4.
Es ist kalt, ... ich möchte trotzdem spazieren gehen.
(It is cold, but I still want to go for a walk.)
5.
Ich esse keinen Kuchen, ... ich habe keinen Hunger.
(I am not eating cake because I am not hungry.)
6.
Ich fahre nach Spanien, ... es dort leckeres Essen gibt.
(I am going to Spain because there is delicious food there.)
7.
Sie isst ... trinkt gerne in Restaurants.
(She likes eating and drinking in restaurants.)
8.
Heute essen wir nur Obst zum Frühstück, ... morgen essen wir Brötchen.
(Today we are only eating fruit for breakfast, but tomorrow we will eat bread rolls.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Ich trinke Kaffee, ___ ich esse kein Brot.

(I drink coffee, ___ I don't eat bread.)

2. Möchtest du Wasser ___ Saft?

(Do you want water ___ juice?)

3. Ich esse Gemüse, ___ es gesund ist.

(I eat vegetables, ___ they are healthy.)

4. Wir kaufen Brot ___ Milch im Supermarkt.

(We buy bread ___ milk at the supermarket.)

5. Ich kann heute nicht essen, ___ ich habe keinen Hunger.

(I can't eat today ___ I am not hungry.)

6. Ich mag Tee, ___ ich trinke lieber Kaffee.

(I like tea, ___ I prefer to drink coffee.)

Conjunctions in German: aber, denn, oder, weil, und

In this lesson, you will learn about some of the most common German conjunctions: und, oder, aber, weil, and denn. These small words are essential because they connect words, phrases, or sentences and show how they relate to each other.

Basic Uses of Each Conjunction

  • und – used to link equal parts, for example, "Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu." (I eat rolls and drink water.)
  • oder – offers choices or alternatives, as in "Willst du Tee oder Kaffee?" (Do you want tea or coffee?)
  • aber – connects contrasting ideas, such as "Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst." (I like bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
  • weil – gives a reason or cause in subordinate clauses, e.g., "Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist." (I drink water because the milk is empty.)
  • denn – also indicates a reason but is used only in main clauses, for example, "Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank." (I can't eat anything because I feel sick.)

Additional Notes on German Conjunctions

German conjunctions affect word order, especially weil, which sends the verb to the end of the clause. This is different from English where the structure remains straightforward. Denn is similar to "because" in English but is only used in main clauses, which can be surprising for learners.

Useful phrases include:

  • "Ich mag Tee, aber ich trinke lieber Kaffee." (I like tea, but I prefer coffee.)
  • "Wir kaufen Brot und Milch im Supermarkt." (We buy bread and milk at the supermarket.)

Understanding these conjunctions will help you build more complex and natural sentences in German.

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Monday, 14/07/2025 23:44