Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn German directional prepositions with the accusative case, such as "nach," "zu," "in," "durch," and others, to express movement from one place to another. This lesson explains their usage, important grammar points, and key differences compared to English prepositions for travel and location changes.
  1. Directional prepositions answer the question „Wohin?“ and express a movement or change of place.
  2. The indication of location is in the accusative case.
Präposition (preposition)Beispielsatz (Example sentence)
nach (to)Das Flugzeug fliegt nach Berlin.
zu (to)Ich fahre mit dem Fahrrad zur U-Bahn.
in (in)Ich gehe in die Stadt. 
von ... nach (from ... to)Der Zug fährt von Köln nach München.
durch (through)Das Auto fährt durch die Stadt.
über (over)Das Flugzeug fliegt über das Meer.
entlang (along)Ich gehe zu Fuß die Straße entlang.
bis zu (up to)Ich gehe bis zur Bushaltestelle.
um ... herum (around)Das Taxi fährt um das Gebäude herum.

Exceptions!

  1. „Zu“ demands the dative case, although it indicates a direction: Ich gehe zur Schule.
  2. „Nach“ is used for cities and countries without an article: Ich fliege nach Spanien.

Exercise 1: Richtungspräpositionen mit Akkusativ: Bewegung von A nach B

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

ins, zum, nach, über die, in die, durch den

1.
Es regnet stark. Ich gehe lieber ... Haus.
(It is raining heavily. I would rather go into the house.)
2.
Ich brauche eine neue Hose. Deshalb fahre ich später noch ... Stadt.
(I need new trousers. That’s why I’m going into town later.)
3.
Ich fahre morgen ... Köln, weil mein Bruder dort wohnt.
(I am travelling to Cologne tomorrow because my brother lives there.)
4.
Ich will spazieren gehen. Ich laufe ein Stück ... Park.
(I want to go for a walk. I walk a short way through the park.)
5.
Der Bus hält hier. Er fährt direkt ... Bahnhof.
(The bus stops here. It goes directly to the station.)
6.
Mein Fahrrad steht noch draußen. Ich bringe es jetzt ... Garage.
(My bike is still outside. I am taking it into the garage now.)
7.
Wir haben einen Flug und fahren deshalb gleich ... Flughafen.
(We have a flight and are therefore going to the airport straight away.)
8.
Das Auto muss auf die andere Seite und fährt deshalb ... Straße.
(The car has to get to the other side and therefore drives across the street.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Ich fahre morgen mit dem Zug ____ München.

(I am traveling ____ Munich by train tomorrow.)

2. Wir gehen heute Abend ____ die Stadt.

(We are going ____ the city tonight.)

3. Das Taxi fährt ____ das Gebäude herum.

(The taxi drives ____ the building.)

4. Ich gehe ____ Bushaltestelle.

(I walk ____ the bus stop.)

5. Das Flugzeug fliegt ____ das Meer.

(The plane flies ____ the sea.)

6. Ich gehe ____ U-Bahnstation.

(I am going ____ the subway station.)

Directional Prepositions with Accusative: Movement from A to B

This lesson introduces key German prepositions that describe movement towards a destination. These "directional prepositions" answer the question "Where to?" and always require the accusative case in German, making them essential for expressing traveling or moving from one place to another.

Common Directional Prepositions

  • nach – used mainly with cities and countries without articles (e.g., "Das Flugzeug fliegt nach Berlin.")
  • zu – indicates movement towards a person, building, or place with an article and usually takes the dative case (e.g., "Ich fahre mit dem Fahrrad zur U-Bahn.")
  • in – expresses entering a defined place, followed by the accusative case (e.g., "Ich gehe in die Stadt.")
  • von...nach – shows movement from one place to another (e.g., "Der Zug fährt von Köln nach München.")
  • durch – means 'through' a place (e.g., "Das Auto fährt durch die Stadt.")
  • über – 'over' or 'across' (e.g., "Das Flugzeug fliegt über das Meer.")
  • entlang – along a path or street (e.g., "Ich gehe zu Fuß die Straße entlang.")
  • bis zu – up to a certain point (e.g., "Ich gehe bis zur Bushaltestelle.")
  • um...herum – around an object (e.g., "Das Taxi fährt um das Gebäude herum.")

Important Grammar Notes

Most directional prepositions require the accusative case to show movement or change of location. However, it is crucial to note that "zu" uniquely demands the dative case despite indicating direction (e.g., "Ich gehe zur Schule."). The difference between "nach" and "zu" is also worth noting: "nach" is used mainly with geographic names (cities, countries) without articles, while "zu" is used for destinations with articles or specific places.

Instruction vs. German Usage

In English, we use prepositions like "to," "into," "through," or "around" more flexibly without always changing the article or case. German requires careful attention to case changes and specific prepositions based on the destination type. For example, English "I am going to the school" translates to German "Ich gehe zur Schule," using "zu" plus dative, which may seem counterintuitive because it expresses direction but asks for dative. Remember that "nach" is never used with articles for cities or countries (e.g., not "nach die Stadt" but "in die Stadt").

Useful phrases:
Ich fahre nach Berlin. – I am traveling to Berlin.
Ich gehe zur Arbeit. – I am going to work.
Das Auto fährt durch den Park. – The car drives through the park.
Wir gehen bis zur Schule. – We walk up to the school.

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 15/07/2025 02:07