Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn how to use the Spanish structure 'estar + gerundio' to describe ongoing actions. This lesson covers the formation of gerunds for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, including examples with verbs like 'cultivar', 'regar', and 'jugar'. It also explains some irregular gerunds such as 'decir' becoming 'diciendo'. Study how this form expresses actions in progress, and practice with useful phrases to improve your Spanish fluency.
  1. For verbs ending in "-ar", replace the "-ar" ending of the infinitive with "-ando".
  2. For verbs ending in "-er" and "-ir", replace the "-er" or "-ir" ending of the infinitive with "-iendo".
Verbos (Verbs)Estar en presente (To be in present)Ejemplos (Examples)
CultivarEstoyEstoy cultivando un cactus en el jardín. (I am cultivating a cactus in the garden.)
RegarEstásestás regando las plantas. (You are watering the plants.)
OlerEstáLa niña está oliendo las flores. (The girl is smelling the flowers.)
MirarEstamosNosotros estamos mirando las flores. (We are looking at the flowers.)
SembrarEstáisVosotros estáis sembrando semillas. (You are planting seeds.)
JugarEstánLos niños están jugando. (The children are playing.)

Exceptions!

  1. Some gerunds are irregular. For example: Decir --> Diciendo

Exercise 1: Estar + gerundio

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

estás mirando, estamos sembrando, está cortando, estoy oliendo, está oliendo, estoy cultivando, están jugando, Está lloviendo

1. Oler:
Yo ... las hojas frescas del árbol.
(I am smelling the fresh leaves of the tree.)
2. Llover:
... sobre las flores del jardín.
(It is raining on the flowers in the garden.)
3. Oler:
Mi hermana ... las flores.
(My sister is smelling the flowers.)
4. Cultivar:
Yo ... un cactus en mi terraza.
(I am growing a cactus on my terrace.)
5. Jugar:
Los niños ... en el columpio.
(The children are playing on the swing.)
6. Regar:
El jardinero ... el césped.
(The gardener is cutting the grass.)
7. Mirar:
Tú ... las plantas del jardín.
(You are looking at the plants in the garden.)
8. Sembrar:
Nosotros ... semillas en la tierra.
(We are planting seeds in the soil.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Yo estoy ____ las plantas en la terraza.

(I am ____ the plants on the terrace.)

2. Ella está ____ un cactus en el salón.

(She is ____ a cactus in the living room.)

3. Nosotros estamos ____ las flores desde la ventana.

(We are ____ the flowers from the window.)

4. Los niños están ____ en el jardín.

(The children are ____ in the garden.)

5. Tú estás ____ semillas nuevas en la maceta.

(You are ____ new seeds in the pot.)

6. La niña está ____ las flores del jardín.

(The girl is ____ the flowers in the garden.)

Understanding 'Estar + Gerundio' in Spanish

This lesson introduces you to the Spanish structure "estar + gerundio," a fundamental way to express actions that are currently happening or ongoing. This grammatical form is essential for describing temporary or continuous activities, comparable to the English present continuous tense, like "I am reading" or "They are playing."

Forming the Gerund in Spanish

To create the gerund (equivalent to the English "-ing" form), follow these rules:

  • For verbs ending in -ar, replace the ending with -ando (e.g., cultivar becomes cultivando).
  • For verbs ending in -er or -ir, replace the ending with -iendo (e.g., regar becomes regando).

Examples of 'Estar' Conjugated with Gerunds

  • Estoy cultivando un cactus en el jardín. (I am cultivating a cactus in the garden.)
  • Estás regando las plantas. (You are watering the plants.)
  • Está oliendo las flores. (She is smelling the flowers.)
  • Estamos mirando las flores. (We are looking at the flowers.)
  • Estáis sembrando semillas. (You all are planting seeds.)
  • Están jugando. (They are playing.)

Irregular Gerunds

Some verbs have irregular gerund forms that do not follow the standard -ando/-iendo endings. For example:

  • Decir becomes diciendo.

Differences and Useful Notes

Unlike English, where the auxiliary verb "to be" is combined with the gerund to form the continuous tense, Spanish conjugates the verb estar to agree with the subject, then adds the gerund form. This structure is straightforward once you memorize the conjugations of estar (estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están).

Useful phrases include:
Estoy aprendiendo español. (I am learning Spanish.)
¿Qué estás haciendo? (What are you doing?)
Estamos estudiando la lección. (We are studying the lesson.)

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