Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

Learn how to form feminine job titles in German by adding suffixes like '-in' and applying umlaut changes, for example, Lehrer to Lehrerin and Arzt to Ärztin.
  1. Plural of the feminine form: is formed with "-innen": Lehrerinnen, Ärztinnen, Studentinnen.
Maskuline Form (Masculine form)Regel (Rule)Feminine Form (Feminine form)
Lehrer (Teacher)+ -inLehrerin (female teacher)
Arzt (doctor)Umlaut + -inÄrztin (female doctor)
Koch (cook)Umlaut + -inKöchin (cook (female))
Student (Student)+ -inStudentin (female student)
Verkäufer (Salesman)+ -inVerkäuferin (saleswoman)
Journalist (journalist)+ -inJournalistin (journalist)

Exceptions!

  1. In many job titles, the stem also changes (e.g. umlaut).
  2. Some professions end with -mann, for example, "Kaufmann". In this case, the "mann" is replaced with "frau".

Exercise 1: Feminine Berufsbezeichnungen

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Polizistin, Ärztin, Köchin, Journalistin, Kauffrau, Lehrerin, Arzt, Architektin

1. Lehrer:
Camille ist ....
(Camille is a teacher.)
2. Arzt:
Anna ist ....
(Anna is a doctor.)
3. Journalist:
Sie arbeitet als ... bei einer Zeitung.
(She works as a journalist at a newspaper.)
4. Koch:
Maria ist eine sehr gute ....
(Maria is a very good cook.)
5. Kaufmann:
Minervas Mutter arbeitet als ....
(Minerva's mother works as a businesswoman.)
6. Architekt:
Clara ist eine sehr talentierte ....
(Clara is a very talented architect.)
7. Arzt:
Lucas Vater ist ein ....
(Lucas's father is a doctor.)
8. Polizist:
Meine Mutter arbeitet als ....
(My mother works as a policewoman.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Die ___ arbeitet im Restaurant.

(The ___ works in the restaurant.)

2. Die ___ im Krankenhaus sind sehr nett.

(The ___ in the hospital are very nice.)

3. Welche ___ unterrichtet Deutsch?

(Which ___ teaches German?)

4. Die ___ arbeitet im Supermarkt.

(The ___ works in the supermarket.)

5. Wer ist die ___ hier?

(Who is the ___ here?)

6. Kaufmann wird zu ___ im Femininen.

(Kaufmann becomes ___ in the feminine.)

Feminine Job Titles in German

This lesson covers how to form feminine job titles from masculine ones in German. Understanding this is essential for mastering gender-specific language and communicating correctly in professional contexts.

How Feminine Forms Are Created

Most feminine job titles are formed by adding the suffix -in to the masculine form. For example:

  • LehrerLehrerin (teacher)
  • StudentStudentin (student)

In some cases, the stem of the word changes by adding an umlaut along with the suffix -in. For example:

  • ArztÄrztin (doctor)
  • KochKöchin (cook)

Plural Forms

The plural of feminine job titles is formed by adding -innen to the stem. For example:

  • Lehrerinnen (female teachers)
  • Ärztinnen (female doctors)
  • Studentinnen (female students)

Special Cases

Some masculine job titles end with -mann, like Kaufmann (merchant). Their feminine forms replace -mann with -frau:

  • KaufmannKauffrau

Important Takeaways

  • Adding -in is the most common way to create feminine job titles.
  • Watch for vowels that change with umlauts when forming some feminine forms.
  • Plural feminine forms typically add -innen.
  • Words ending in -mann change to -frau in the feminine.

Tips on German vs. English Gendered Job Titles

Unlike English, where most job titles are gender-neutral (e.g., "teacher"), German explicitly marks feminine forms with suffixes. This makes it important to learn these patterns early to ensure proper communication.

Here are some phrases and examples:

  • Der Lehrer – the male teacher
  • Die Lehrerin – the female teacher
  • Die Ärztin – the female doctor (note umlaut + -in)
  • Die Kauffrau – the female merchant (instead of Kaufmann)

Understanding these nuances will help you address people respectfully and correctly in German-speaking environments.

Continue practicing with different job titles to become confident in recognizing and using feminine forms.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 17/07/2025 03:01