Teaching guidelines +/- 15 minutes

This lesson focuses on German conjunctions like und (and), oder (or), aber (but), weil (because), and denn (because), showing how to connect clauses and express reasons, contrasts, and choices naturally.
Konjunktion (Conjunction)Verwendung (Usage)Beispiel (Example)
undVerbindet gleichwertige Teile. (Connects equivalent parts.)Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu. (I eat bread rolls and drink water with them.)
oderVerbindet Alternativen. (Connects alternatives.)Willst du Tee oder Kaffee? (Do you want tea or coffee?)
aberVerbindet Gegensätze. (Connects opposites.)Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst. (I like to eat bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
weilGibt einen Grund oder eine Ursache an. (Indicates a reason or cause.)Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist. (I am drinking water, because the milk is empty.)
dennGibt einen Grund an (nur in Hauptsätzen). (Gives a reason (only in main clauses).)Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank. (I can eat nothing, for I feel sick.)

Exercise 1: Konjunktionen (aber, denn, oder, weil, und)

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

oder, und, denn, weil, aber

1.
Sie isst viel Obst, ... sie krank ist.
(She eats a lot of fruit because she is ill.)
2.
Wir können einen Kaffee trinken gehen, ... wir bleiben zu Hause.
(We can go for a coffee, or we’ll stay at home.)
3.
Ich bin Köchin, ... ich gerne koche.
(I am a cook because I like cooking.)
4.
Es ist kalt, ... ich möchte trotzdem spazieren gehen.
(It is cold, but I still want to go for a walk.)
5.
Ich esse keinen Kuchen, ... ich habe keinen Hunger.
(I am not eating cake because I am not hungry.)
6.
Ich fahre nach Spanien, ... es dort leckeres Essen gibt.
(I am going to Spain because there is delicious food there.)
7.
Sie isst ... trinkt gerne in Restaurants.
(She likes eating and drinking in restaurants.)
8.
Heute essen wir nur Obst zum Frühstück, ... morgen essen wir Brötchen.
(Today we are only eating fruit for breakfast, but tomorrow we will eat bread rolls.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Ich trinke Kaffee, ___ ich esse kein Brot.

(I drink coffee, ___ I don't eat bread.)

2. Möchtest du Wasser ___ Saft?

(Do you want water ___ juice?)

3. Ich esse Gemüse, ___ es gesund ist.

(I eat vegetables, ___ they are healthy.)

4. Wir kaufen Brot ___ Milch im Supermarkt.

(We buy bread ___ milk at the supermarket.)

5. Ich kann heute nicht essen, ___ ich habe keinen Hunger.

(I can't eat today ___ I am not hungry.)

6. Ich mag Tee, ___ ich trinke lieber Kaffee.

(I like tea, ___ I prefer to drink coffee.)

Introduction to German Conjunctions: aber, denn, oder, weil, und

This lesson focuses on essential German conjunctions that connect words, phrases, or clauses, indicating various relationships between them. These conjunctions are fundamental for building coherent and natural sentences at the A1 beginner level.

What You Will Learn

You will explore five key German conjunctions:

  • und – connects elements of equal importance.
  • oder – presents alternatives or choices.
  • aber – introduces contrasts or opposing ideas.
  • weil – explains reasons or causes.
  • denn – also shows reasons, but only in main clauses.

Example Usage

Here are some practical examples to understand each conjunction:

  • Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu. (I eat bread rolls and drink water with it.)
  • Willst du Tee oder Kaffee? (Do you want tea or coffee?)
  • Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst. (I like to eat bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
  • Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist. (I drink water because the milk is empty.)
  • Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank. (I cannot eat anything because I feel sick.)

Important Grammar Notes

The conjunctions weil and denn both express cause but behave differently in sentence structure. Weil introduces a subordinate clause and sends the verb to the end, whereas denn connects main clauses and keeps standard word order.

For example:

  • Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist. (Subordinate clause with verb at the end.)
  • Ich kann nicht essen, denn ich habe keinen Hunger. (Main clause with normal word order.)

Comparison to English

Unlike English, which often uses conjunctions simply as linking words, German conjunctions like weil require changes in word order that are essential to master. For learners, remembering these rules will enhance sentence clarity and fluency.

Useful German phrases related to the conjunctions include:

  • und – and
  • oder – or
  • aber – but
  • weil – because
  • denn – because (used in main clauses)

Summary

Mastering these conjunctions aids in forming varied and meaningful sentences, enabling you to communicate reasons, choices, contrasts, and connections smoothly in everyday German.

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 17/07/2025 11:16