This lesson introduces key German conjunctions: und (and), oder (or), aber (but), weil (because), and denn (for). Learn how to link sentences and express contrast, choices, and reasons with practical examples like "Ich esse Brot und trinke Wasser" and "Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist."
Konjunktion (Conjunction)Verwendung (Usage)Beispiel (Example)
undVerbindet gleichwertige Teile. (Connects equivalent parts.)Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu. (I eat bread rolls and drink water with them.)
oderVerbindet Alternativen. (Connects alternatives.)Willst du Tee oder Kaffee? (Do you want tea or coffee?)
aberVerbindet Gegensätze. (Connects opposites.)Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst. (I like to eat bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
weilGibt einen Grund oder eine Ursache an. (Indicates a reason or cause.)Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist. (I am drinking water, because the milk is empty.)
dennGibt einen Grund an (nur in Hauptsätzen). (Gives a reason (only in main clauses).)Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank. (I can eat nothing, for I feel sick.)

Exercise 1: Konjunktionen (aber, denn, oder, weil, und)

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

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oder, und, denn, weil, aber

1.
Sie isst viel Obst, ... sie krank ist.
(She eats a lot of fruit because she is ill.)
2.
Wir können einen Kaffee trinken gehen, ... wir bleiben zu Hause.
(We can go for a coffee, or we’ll stay at home.)
3.
Ich bin Köchin, ... ich gerne koche.
(I am a cook because I like cooking.)
4.
Es ist kalt, ... ich möchte trotzdem spazieren gehen.
(It is cold, but I still want to go for a walk.)
5.
Ich esse keinen Kuchen, ... ich habe keinen Hunger.
(I am not eating cake because I am not hungry.)
6.
Ich fahre nach Spanien, ... es dort leckeres Essen gibt.
(I am going to Spain because there is delicious food there.)
7.
Sie isst ... trinkt gerne in Restaurants.
(She likes eating and drinking in restaurants.)
8.
Heute essen wir nur Obst zum Frühstück, ... morgen essen wir Brötchen.
(Today we are only eating fruit for breakfast, but tomorrow we will eat bread rolls.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. Ich trinke Kaffee, ___ ich esse kein Brot.

(I drink coffee, ___ I don't eat bread.)

2. Möchtest du Wasser ___ Saft?

(Do you want water ___ juice?)

3. Ich esse Gemüse, ___ es gesund ist.

(I eat vegetables, ___ they are healthy.)

4. Wir kaufen Brot ___ Milch im Supermarkt.

(We buy bread ___ milk at the supermarket.)

5. Ich kann heute nicht essen, ___ ich habe keinen Hunger.

(I can't eat today ___ I am not hungry.)

6. Ich mag Tee, ___ ich trinke lieber Kaffee.

(I like tea, ___ I prefer to drink coffee.)

Understanding German Conjunctions (Konjunktionen)

This lesson introduces you to essential German conjunctions: aber, denn, oder, weil, and und. These words link sentences, sentence parts, or words, showing the relationship between them. Mastering these conjunctions is key to forming clear, natural sentences in German.

What You Will Learn

  • The basic meaning and use of each conjunction
  • How to connect ideas like addition, choice, contrast, and cause
  • Examples that demonstrate the usage of each conjunction in everyday contexts

Key Conjunctions and Their Uses

  • und - Connects equal parts. Example: "Ich esse Brötchen und trinke Wasser dazu." (I eat bread rolls and drink water.)
  • oder - Connects alternatives. Example: "Willst du Tee oder Kaffee?" (Do you want tea or coffee?)
  • aber - Connects contrasts. Example: "Ich esse gerne Brot, aber heute bevorzuge ich Obst." (I like to eat bread, but today I prefer fruit.)
  • weil - Gives a reason or cause. Example: "Ich trinke Wasser, weil die Milch leer ist." (I drink water because the milk is empty.)
  • denn - Gives a reason (only used in main clauses). Example: "Ich kann nichts essen, denn ich fühle mich krank." (I can’t eat anything because I feel sick.)

Additional Notes on German Conjunctions

Unlike English, German conjunctions like weil require the verb to move to the end of the clause, which is an important structural difference to remember. The conjunction denn is used exclusively for providing reasons in main clauses and never sends the verb to the end, which contrasts with weil. For example, "Ich bleibe da, weil ich müde bin" vs. "Ich bleibe da, denn ich bin müde." Both mean "I'm staying because I'm tired," but the verb placement differs. Phrases such as "und" (and), "oder" (or), and "aber" (but) work similarly to English in function, making them straightforward to learn early on.

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Sophie Schmidt

International Administration Management

Würzburger Dolmetscherschule

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Last Updated:

Saturday, 04/10/2025 03:43