This lesson covers the temporal expressions 'Antes', 'Antes de', 'Después', 'Después de', and 'Cuando' to indicate order and timing. Learn how to use 'antes de' and 'después de' with infinitives, and 'antes', 'después', and 'cuando' with conjugated verbs, including practical examples like "Antes tenía alergia" and "Me cepillo después de comer."
  1. Antes de + infinitivo indicates an action that happens first.
  2. Después de + infinitivo indicates a subsequent action.
  3. Antes and después without "de" are used with a conjugated verb.
Expresión (Expression)Uso (Use)Ejemplo (Example)
Antes + indicativo (Before + indicative)Situación pasada habitual (Habitual past situation)Antes tenía alergia. (Before I had allergies.)
Antes de + infinitivo (Before + infinitive)Acción previa (Previous action)Uso desodorante antes de salir. (I use deodorant before going out.)
Después + indicativo (After + indicative)Acción posterior  (Subsequent action)Después dormiré. (After I will sleep.)
Después de + infinitivo (After + infinitive)Acción posterior inmediata (Immediate subsequent action)Me cepillo después de comer. (I brush my teeth after eating.)
Cuando + indicativo (When + indicative)Momento específico (Specific moment)Uso crema cuando la necesito. (I use cream when I need it.)

 

Exercise 1: Usos de "Antes", "Antes de", "Después", "Después de", "Cuando"

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Después de, Después, después de, Cuando, Antes, antes de

1. Acción posterior inmediata:
: Uso champú ... mojarme el pelo.
(: Uso champú después de mojarme el pelo.)
2. Acción posterior inmediata:
... comer uso el cepillo de dientes.
(Después de comer uso el cepillo de dientes.)
3. Acción previa:
: Me cepillo los dientes ... desayunar.
(: Me cepillo los dientes antes de desayunar.)
4. Acción posterior:
: ... saldré a comprar pasta de dientes.
(: Después saldré a comprar pasta de dientes.)
5. Momento específico:
: ... me voy a la playa, necesito poner la crema.
(: Cuando me voy a la playa, necesito poner la crema.)
6. Situación pasada habitual:
: ... llevaba siempre las manos sucias.
(: Antes llevaba siempre las manos sucias.)
7. Momento específico:
... termino con la cena, voy a dormir.
(Cuando termino con la cena, voy a dormir.)
8. Acción posterior inmediata:
: Uso colonia ... lavarme la cara.
(: Uso colonia después de lavarme la cara.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence that properly uses 'Antes', 'Antes de', 'Después', 'Después de' or 'Cuando' to talk about routines and personal hygiene.

1.
Incorrect, the preposition 'de' is missing before the infinitive.
'Antes que' is not used with an infinitive in Spanish, so this is incorrect.
2.
Incorrect, the verb 'levantar' is not properly conjugated after 'cuando'.
Incorrect, the verb following 'cuando' must be conjugated, not in the infinitive.
3.
Incorrect, the preposition 'de' is missing before the infinitive.
Incorrect in this context because 'después' with a conjugated verb indicates a habitual subsequent action, while here an immediately subsequent action with infinitive is intended.
4.
Incorrect as a reflexive expression; the correct reflexive pronoun is missing for this personal action: it should be 'lavarme'.
Incorrect, 'antes de' must be followed by an infinitive without a separate pronoun; the pronoun should be attached to the infinitive: 'antes de lavarme'.

Understanding Temporal Expressions in Spanish: "Antes", "Antes de", "Después", "Después de", and "Cuando"

This lesson focuses on the correct use of key temporal expressions that help you describe the order and timing of events in Spanish. These expressions connect actions or states in time, allowing for clearer storytelling and explanations.

1. "Antes" + Indicative: Expressing Past Habits or Situations

Use "Antes" followed by a conjugated verb (indicative mood) to talk about past habitual actions or situations.

Example: Antes tenía alergia. (I used to have allergies before.)

2. "Antes de" + Infinitive: Indicating a Prior Action

When "Antes de" is followed by an infinitive verb, it points to an action that happens before another.

Example: Uso desodorante antes de salir. (I use deodorant before going out.)

3. "Después" + Indicative: Referring to a Subsequent Action

Use "Después" plus a conjugated verb to describe a later action or event.

Example: Después dormiré. (Afterwards, I will sleep.)

4. "Después de" + Infinitive: Immediate Subsequent Action

This form shows an action that occurs immediately after another action using "Después de" followed by an infinitive.

Example: Me cepillo después de comer. (I brush my teeth after eating.)

5. "Cuando" + Indicative: Indicating a Specific Moment

"Cuando" is used with a conjugated verb to specify the timing of an action.

Example: Uso crema cuando la necesito. (I use cream when I need it.)

Key Points to Remember

  • "Antes de" and "Después de" are followed by infinitive verbs to indicate the sequence of actions.
  • "Antes" and "Después" used alone need a conjugated verb (indicative) to describe habitual or specific actions.
  • "Cuando" requires a conjugated verb and points to a precise moment or condition.

Notes on Spanish vs. English Usage

English often uses simple prepositions like "before" or "after" followed by gerunds (e.g., "before leaving"). Spanish, however, distinguishes between using "Antes de" or "Después de" before infinitives ("antes de salir") and using "Antes" or "Después" plus conjugated verbs to describe habitual or past actions ("Antes tenía alergia"). This distinction helps specify timing and action types clearly in Spanish.

Some useful Spanish phrases include:

  • Antes de + infinitivo – "Before + verb" (e.g., antes de comer)
  • Después de + infinitivo – "After + verb" (e.g., después de estudiar)
  • Cuando + indicativo – "When + verb" specifying a moment (e.g., cuando llego)

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Alessia Calcagni

Languages for communication in international enterprises and organizations

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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Last Updated:

Saturday, 29/11/2025 06:24