Discover how Dutch separable verbs like 'opruimen' (to tidy up), 'terugbellen' (to call back), and 'nakijken' (to check) work, focusing on their prefixes and correct separation in sentences.
  1. The first part is often a prefix or an adjective.
  2. The verbal part is conjugated like regular verbs.
  3. Past participle: ge- comes between the prefix and the verb. For example: 'tegenkomen' ⇒ 'tegengekomen'
Voorvoegsel (prefix)Werkwoord (Verb)Voorbeeldzin (Example sentence)
op-opruimen (to tidy up)Ik ruim mijn bureau op na het werk. (I tidy up my desk after work.)
tegen-tegenkomen (to come across)Ik kom veel leuke vacatures tegen op het internet. (I come across many nice job vacancies on the internet.)
mee-meebrengen (to bring along)Ik breng mijn cv mee naar de sollicitatie. (I bring my CV along to the interview.)
toe-toelaten (to admit)We laten geen nieuwe werknemers toe. (We do not admit new employees.)
terug-terugbellen (to call back)De werkgever belt je terug na de sollicitatie. (The employer calls you back after the interview.)
bij-bijwerken (to update)Ik werk mijn cv bij. (I update my CV.)
uit-uitnodigen (to invite)Het bedrijf nodigt kandidaten uit voor een gesprek. (The company invites candidates for an interview.)
af-afstuderen (to graduate)Hij studeerde vorig jaar af aan de universiteit. (He graduated from university last year.)
binnen-binnenkomen (to come in)Ik kom om 9 uur binnen bij mijn sollicitatie. (I come in at 9 o'clock to my job interview.)
na-nakijken (to check)Ik kijk mijn sollicitatiebrief goed na om fouten te vermijden. (I carefully check my cover letter to avoid mistakes.)

Exceptions!

  1. Not separable if the stress falls on the second part.
  2. Verbs with the prefixes be-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-, er- are inseparable.

Exercise 1: Scheidbare werkwoorden

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

stuurt, zoekt, maakt, neemt, uitgenodigd, bel, bijgewerkt

1. Klaarmaken:
De sollicitant ... zijn cv klaar voor het sollicitatiegesprek.
(The applicant is preparing his CV for the job interview.)
2. Opsturen:
Hij ... de sollicitatiebrief vandaag op naar de werkgever.
(He sends the job application letter to the employer today.)
3. Meenemen:
De werkgever ... de sollicitant mee naar het gesprek.
(The employer takes the applicant along to the interview.)
4. Bijwerken:
De jobbeschrijving wordt elke week ... door de werkgever.
(The job description is updated every week by the employer.)
5. Terugbellen:
Ik ... het uitzendbureau terug voor een afspraak.
(I call the employment agency back for an appointment.)
6. Uitnodigen:
Ik ben ... voor een sollicitatiegesprek.
(I have been invited for a job interview.)
7. Uitzoeken:
Het uitzendbureau ... een geschikte kandidaat uit.
(The employment agency selects a suitable candidate.)
8. Aannemen:
De werkgever ... nieuwe medewerkers aan voor het bedrijf.
(The employer hires new employees for the company.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct form of the separable verb for each sentence. Pay close attention to the position of the prefix and the correct conjugation of the verb.

1.
Here the prefix 'up' is incorrectly attached to the conjugated verb 'tidy'. For separable verbs, the prefix must stand apart in a main clause.
The order is wrong; the conjugated verb must come directly after the subject with the prefix separate behind it.
2.
With separable verbs, the prefix usually stands separate in the main clause, not attached to the verb.
The word order is incorrect; the prefix is not directly behind the verb.
3.
The position of 'up' is wrong; it must be directly behind the conjugated verb, not after the direct object.
The prefix 'up' is wrongly attached to the verb here. For separable verbs, it must be separate in a main clause.
4.
Here the verb is wrongly conjugated and the prefix is not separate. Past participle without auxiliary verb is incorrect.
The placement of the adverb 'last year' should not be between the verb and the prefix.

Understanding Separable Verbs (Scheidbare Werkwoorden) in Dutch

This lesson introduces separable verbs in Dutch, an essential aspect for learners at the A2 level. Separable verbs consist of two parts: a prefix and a verb. Examples include schoonmaken (to clean), weglopen (to walk away), and opeten (to eat up).

Structure of Separable Verbs

The first part of a separable verb is usually a prefix or an adjective. The second part is a standard verb that conjugates regularly. The prefix and verb often separate in a sentence, especially in main clauses.

Examples of Common Prefixes and Verbs

PrefixVerbExample Sentence
op-opruimenIk ruim mijn bureau op na het werk.
tegen-tegenkomenIk kom veel leuke vacatures tegen op het internet.
mee-meebrengenIk breng mijn cv mee naar de sollicitatie.
toe-toelatenWe laten geen nieuwe werknemers toe.
terug-terugbellenDe werkgever belt je terug na de sollicitatie.

Conjugation and Past Participle Formation

When conjugating, the verb behaves like a normal verb. The past participle is formed by placing ge- between the prefix and the verb stem, for example, tegenkomen becomes tegengekomen.

Important Notes on Stress and Prefix Types

Separable verbs do not separate if the stress is on the verb part. Also, verbs with prefixes such as be-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-, er- are not separable.

Practical Tips and Expressions

  • Opeten means to eat something up completely.
  • Terugbellen means to call back; useful in phone conversations.
  • Uitnodigen is to invite someone.
  • Pay attention to word order in sentences, especially placement of the separated prefix.

Differences Between English and Dutch Instructions

In English, verbs typically do not split with prefixes; this is a unique feature of Dutch separable verbs. For example, English uses "clean the desk," but Dutch can split schoonmaken into Ik maak mijn bureau schoon. Also, prefixes in Dutch can change the meaning of the base verb in nuanced ways.

Useful words to learn include:

  • op- – up, on
  • mee- – along, with
  • terug- – back
  • uit- – out

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Monday, 01/09/2025 23:44