Leer hoe je wensen en spijt uitdrukt met de onvoltooid verleden tijd, bijvoorbeeld met uitdrukkingen als 'Had ik maar', 'Was het al maar' en 'Wist ik maar'. Oefen zinnen zoals 'Had ik maar meer geld' en 'Hadden we maar gewacht'.
  1. Use the onvoltooid verleden tijd to express regret or an unfulfilled wish.
  2. The situation is imaginary or unrealistic at this moment.
  3. It is often accompanied by maar.
Situatie (Situation)Voorbeelden (Examples)
Wens (Wish)Was het al maar zomervakantie. (If only it were already summer holiday.)
Had ik maar meer geld, dan kon ik mijn huur betalen.  (If only I had more money, then I could pay my rent.)
At ik maar wat gezonder, dan was ik slanker. (If only I ate a bit healthier, then I would be slimmer.)
Spijt (Regret)Hadden we maar gewacht. (If only we had waited.)
Had ik maar meer gespaard. (If only I had saved more.)
Had ik maar beter geluisterd. (If only I had listened better.)

Exercise 1: Wensen uitdrukken met de onvoltooid verleden tijd

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Had, moest, kocht, Kon, Wist, ging

1. Kunnen:
... ik maar muntgeld wisselen bij de balie.
(I wish I could change coins at the counter.)
2. Weten:
... ik dat maar eerder!
(If only I had known that earlier!)
3. Kopen:
Was ik maar rijk, dan ... ik een groot huis.
(If only I were rich, I would buy a big house.)
4. Hebben:
... ik maar meer geld om eten te kopen.
(If only I had more money to buy food.)
5. Gaan:
Had ik maar meer gespaard, dan ... ik op wereldreis.
(If only I had saved more, I would go on a world trip.)
6. Moeten:
Had ik maar mijn betaling op tijd gedaan, dan ... ik geen boetes betalen.
(If only I had made my payment on time, then I wouldn't have to pay fines.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in which a wish or regret is expressed with the past tense and 'maar'.

1.
'Maar' placement is incorrect; it must come immediately after 'Had I' for a correct wish structure.
Infinitive used instead of past tense after 'maar'. Correct is 'to arrange'.
2.
The verb form 'Was' is incorrectly used here to express a wish with past tense in this context.
Incorrect use of present tense 'can' instead of past tense to express a wish.
3.
Wrong word order; correct is 'could pay' and not 'pay could'.
Wrong: 'can' is present tense, but the wish requires past tense ('could').
4.
Incorrect word order; 'earlier' should come before the past participle.
Incorrect infinitive 'check' instead of past participle 'checked' after 'Had we only'.

Expressing Wishes with the Imperfect Past Tense

This lesson focuses on how to express wishes and regrets in Dutch using the onvoltooid verleden tijd, which is the imperfect past tense.

What You Will Learn

  • How to express unreal or hypothetical wishes and regrets.
  • Common phrases and sentence structures used in these expressions.
  • Key verbs and words that often accompany these expressions, such as had ik maar (if only I had), was het al maar (if only it were already), and wist ik maar (if only I knew).

Using the Imperfect Past Tense for Wishes and Regrets

In Dutch, the imperfect past tense is used to talk about situations that are not real or not true at the moment but express a wish or a feeling of regret.

This often involves the word maar, which emphasizes the wish or regret.

Examples of Wishes (Wens)

  • Was het al maar zomervakantie.
  • Had ik maar meer geld, dan kon ik mijn huur betalen.
  • At ik maar wat gezonder, dan was ik slanker.

Examples of Regret (Spijt)

  • Hadden we maar gewacht.
  • Had ik maar meer gespaard.
  • Had ik maar beter geluisterd.

Important Highlights

The structure often places maar right after the auxiliary verb or the subject in the sentence, for example: Had ik maar or Hadden we maar. The verb that follows is in the imperfect past tense, even though we talk about something unreal in the present.

Instruction Language vs Learning Language

Unlike English, where wishes and regrets about the past often use modal verbs like "would have" or "had," Dutch uses the imperfect past tense with specific sentence structures that include maar. For example, Had ik maar meer tijd can be translated as "If only I had more time," but the Dutch structure uses the past tense to express an unreal or imagined situation. This is different from simply talking about past events.

Useful words and phrases:

  • Had ik maar – If only I had
  • Was het al maar – If only it were already
  • Wist ik maar – If only I knew
  • Maar – but / if only (used to emphasize wishes or regrets)

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Saturday, 30/08/2025 18:47