This lesson covers the independent use of Dutch demonstrative pronouns like deze (this, de-words) and dit (this, het-words), as well as die (that, de-words) and dat (that, het-words). Learn how these pronouns replace nouns based on gender and distance, for example: 'Vind je deze olifant mooi?' or 'In dit hok zitten leeuwen.'
  1. The demonstrative pronoun can replace a noun if it is clear what you mean. For example: Vind je deze olifant mooi of vind je die mooier?
  2. The demonstrative pronoun agrees with the gender and the article of the word.
 de-woordhet-woord
Dichtbij (Nearby)deze (this)dit (this)
Veraf (far away)die (that)dat (far away)

Exceptions!

  1. You can also use demonstrative pronouns after a preposition. For example: In dit hok zitten leeuwen en in deze de tijgers.
  2. You can also use demonstrative pronouns in a list. For example: Geef me een paar van deze en wat van die.

Exercise 1: Zelfstandig gebruik van aanwijzende voornaamwoorden

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

Dat, die, dat, Die, deze

1. De giraf:
... bij het water is erg mooi.
(Die bij het water is erg mooi.)
2. De aap:
Welke vind je de mooiste? Deze aap of ...?
(Welke vind je de mooiste? Deze aap of die?)
3. Het hok:
In dit hok zitten leeuwen en in ... tijgers.
(In dit hok zitten leeuwen en in dat tijgers.)
4. Het papier:
Waar is het papier? ... ligt op het bureau.
(Waar is het papier? Dat ligt op het bureau.)
5. De leeuw:
Waar is de leeuw? ... is net vertrokken.
(Waar is de leeuw? Die is net vertrokken.)
6. De schoenen:
Doe je die schoenen of ... aan om naar de jungle te gaan?
(Doe je die schoenen of deze aan om naar de jungle te gaan?)
7. De dieren:
We bewonderden vooral ... in het tropisch gebied.
(We bewonderden vooral die in het tropisch gebied.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence each time with indefinite or demonstrative pronouns. Pay close attention to correct usage according to the rules.

1.
'Something' refers to things or animals, but here it concerns a person.
This sentence sounds like a question, but the intention is a statement; the question form is incorrect here.
2.
'All' is used with plural nouns without a possessive pronoun.
'Each' does not fit with a plural like 'animals'; it should be 'all' or 'all of'.
3.
'This' belongs with neuter nouns, but 'lions' is a common-gender noun, so 'that' is correct.
'That' is incorrect for a plural common-gender noun; here 'that' should be used.
4.
Double negation with 'nobody not' is wrong; only 'nobody' is correct.
'Goes' must be singular because 'one' is singular.

Independent Use of Demonstrative Pronouns in Dutch

This lesson focuses on the use of demonstrative pronouns in Dutch, specifically their independent (zelfstandig) use—that is, when they replace a noun instead of just describing it. At the A2 level, you will learn how to correctly choose and use these pronouns based on the gender of the noun and distance.

Key Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns reflect the gender and number of the nouns they refer to, as well as whether the object is nearby or far away. Dutch distinguishes between de-words (common gender) and het-words (neuter gender).

de-wordshet-words
Nearbydezedit
Far awaydiedat

Usage Highlights

  • Independent Pronoun Use: Demonstrative pronouns can replace a noun when it's clear what is meant.
    Example: Vind je deze olifant mooi of vind je die mooier?
  • Agreement: The pronoun must match the gender and article of the noun it replaces.
  • After Prepositions: Pronouns can be used after prepositions.
    Example: In dit hok zitten leeuwen en in deze de tijgers.
  • In Lists: They may also be used to differentiate items in a list.
    Example: Geef me een paar van deze en wat van die.

Relevant Differences Between English and Dutch Demonstratives

Unlike English, which uses "this" and "that" regardless of noun gender, Dutch demonstrative pronouns must agree with the noun's gender and number. For example, "deze" is used with masculine/feminine nouns (de-woorden), and "dit" with neuter nouns (het-woorden). Also, Dutch distinguishes pronouns for objects close to the speaker and far away, similar to English but gender-specific.

Useful phrases to remember:

  • deze = this (for de-words)
  • dit = this (for het-words)
  • die = that (for de-words)
  • dat = that (for het-words)

Understanding these distinctions is essential for clear and grammatically correct communication in Dutch.

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Monday, 01/12/2025 16:22