Independent use of demonstrative pronouns

Zelfstandig gebruik van aanwijzende voornaamwoorden


Aanwijzende voornaamwoorden kan je zowel bijvoeglijk als zelfstandig gebruiken.

(You can use demonstrative pronouns both adjectivally and independently.)

What “deze / dit / die / dat” actually do

Deze / dit / die / dat are demonstrative pronouns: they point to something.

  • dichtbij (near / this): deze (de-words), dit (het-words)
  • veraf (far / that): die (de-words), dat (het-words)

They can be used with a noun (“this report”) or as a noun (“this one”).

Step 1: Choose near (this) or far (that)

Distance Meaning Typical use
Dichtbij this / these in your hand, on your screen, “the one here”
Veraf that / those over there, earlier/later, “the other one”

Tip: “veraf” is often also used for contrast: “this one vs that one”.

Step 2: Match the noun: de-word or het-word

You do not choose based on English “this/that”. You choose based on the Dutch noun:

  • de-woorddeze (near) / die (far)
  • het-woorddit (near) / dat (far)
  de-woord het-woord
Dichtbij deze dit
Veraf die dat

Using them with a noun (most common)

  • deze + de-word: deze vergadering, deze klant
  • dit + het-word: dit contract, dit idee
  • die + de-word: die offerte, die deadline
  • dat + het-word: dat probleem, dat voorstel

Common pitfall: it is not “deze contract”. It must be deze contractdit contract.

Using them as a noun: “this one / that one”

You can replace the noun if it’s clear what you mean.

  • Neem je deze pen of die? (pen = de-word)
  • Is dit beter, of dat? (implicit: “plan/idea”, a het-word)

Rule to remember: the pronoun still “remembers” the noun’s article (de/het), even when the noun disappears.

Prepositions: in / op / bij / naast + demonstrative

After a preposition, Dutch often uses a demonstrative to avoid repeating the noun.

  • In dit kantoor zitten de stagiairs, en in dat zit de directeur.
  • Op deze pagina staat de samenvatting, op die staan de details.

Note: with plural de-words you use deze (near) / die (far):

  • In deze map zitten de facturen, en in die de contracten.

Lists and quantities: “a few of these, some of those”

With an implicit noun (things/products/documents), you can combine demonstratives with quantity words:

  • Ik neem een paar van deze en wat van die.
  • Kun je twee van die printen en één van deze?

Meaning: “some of this group” vs “some of that group”.

Quick self-check (30 seconds)

  1. Distance: near (dichtbij) or far (veraf)?
  2. Noun type: is the (hidden) noun a de-word or het-word?
  3. Plural? Then it’s always deze (near) / die (far).

If you can answer these, you will almost always choose correctly.

  1. A demonstrative pronoun can replace a noun if it is clear what you mean. For example: Vind je deze olifant mooi of vind je die mooier?
  2. The demonstrative pronoun agrees with the gender and the article of the word.
 de-woordhet-woord
Dichtbij (Nearby)deze (this)dit (this)
Veraf (Far away)die (that)dat (that)

Exceptions!

  1. You can also use demonstrative pronouns after a preposition. For example: In dit hok zitten leeuwen en in deze de tijgers.
  2. You can also use demonstrative pronouns in a list. For example: Geef me een paar van deze en wat van die.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Kijk, in dit verblijf wonen de olifanten en in ___ wonen de giraffen.

Look, the elephants live in this enclosure and the giraffes live in ___.

2. Vind je deze aap leuker of vind je ___ leuker?

Do you prefer this monkey or ___?

3. Ik wil graag een paar van ___ en wat van die, alstublieft.

I would like a few of ___ and some of those, please.

4. In dit deel van de dierentuin zie je de leeuwen, en in ___ deel zie je de apen.

In this part of the zoo you can see the lions, and in ___ part you can see the monkeys.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence each time with indefinite or demonstrative pronouns. Pay close attention to correct usage according to the rules.

1.
This sentence sounds like a question, but the intention is a statement; the question form is incorrect here.
'Something' refers to things or animals, but here it concerns a person.
2.
'All' is used with plural nouns without a possessive pronoun.
'Each' does not fit with a plural like 'animals'; it should be 'all' or 'all of'.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences and replace the indicated part with a demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those).

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Ik vind de koffie hier lekkerder dan de koffie daar.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Ik vind deze koffie lekkerder dan die.
    (I find the coffee here tastier than the coffee there.)
  2. Heb je het nieuwe contract al getekend of heb je het oude contract nog?
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Heb je dit nieuwe contract al getekend of heb je dat oude nog?
    (Have you signed the new contract yet or do you still have the old one?)
  3. Wil je de rode pen of wil je de blauwe pen?
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Wil je deze rode pen of wil je die blauwe?
    (Do you want the red pen or the blue one?)
  4. In het kleine kantoor zitten de stagiairs en in het grote kantoor zit de directeur.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    In dit kleine kantoor zitten de stagiairs en in dat grote kantoor zit de directeur.
    (In the small office are the interns and in the large office is the director.)

Exercise 4: Grammar in action

Instruction: Discuss which animals you visit and in what order.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
Je plant een familie-uitje naar de dierentuin en bekijkt samen de plattegrond.
(You are planning a family outing to the zoo and are studying the map together.)

Discuss
  • Welke dieren wil jij als eerste zien en waarom? (Which animals do you want to see first, and why?)
  • Welke route kies je op de plattegrond: langs deze of langs die? Leg uit. (Which route do you choose on the map: this one or that one? Explain.)

Useful words and phrases
  • Ik wil eerst deze olifant zien, daarna die leeuw. (I want to see this elephant first, then that lion.)
  • In dit deel zijn de tijgers en in dat deel de giraffen. (The tigers are in this section and the giraffes are in that section.)

Use in conversation
  • deze / dit / die / dat zelfstandig gebruiken (use deze / dit / die / dat as nouns)
  • aanwijzende voornaamwoorden na voorzetsels gebruiken (in, naast, bij) (use demonstrative pronouns after prepositions (in, next to, by))

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Wednesday, 25/03/2026 05:39