The imperfect tense: regular verbs

L'imperfetto: i verbi regolari


L'imperfetto si usa per descrivere il passato, parlare di un periodo di vita o di azioni abituali.

(The imperfect is used to describe the past, talk about a period of life, or talk about habitual actions.)

When to use the Imperfetto (imperfect past)

  • Background / ongoing situation in the past (what was “in progress”).
  • Habit / routine in the past (what you “used to” do).
  • Descriptions in the past: age, feelings, weather, context.

Key idea: Imperfetto = not a finished, single event. It sets the scene.

Imperfetto vs. Passato prossimo: the quick contrast

Imperfetto Passato prossimo
ongoing / repeated completed / specific
Mentre guardavo il telegiornale… Ho guardato il telegiornale ieri sera.
Da bambino avevo una radio. Ieri ho avuto una riunione lunga.
  • Signal words that often invite imperfetto: mentre (while), sempre (always), spesso (often), di solito (usually), da bambino (as a child).

How to build it (the part learners mix up)

Step 1: take the infinitive and remove -are / -ere / -ire.

Step 2: add the correct ending:

Verb type Ending pattern Example
-are -avo, -avi, -ava, -avamo, -avate, -avano informare → informavo
-ere -evo, -evi, -eva, -evamo, -evate, -evano avere → avevo
-ire -ivo, -ivi, -iva, -ivamo, -ivate, -ivano reagire → reagivo

Common traps (and how to self-correct)

  • Mixing endings across groups
    • reagevoreagivo (because -ire → -ivo)
    • informevoinformavo (because -are → -avo)
  • Forgetting it’s about “background”
    • Imperfetto: what was happening / usual: Il presentatore informava spesso…
    • Passato prossimo: one completed action: Il presentatore ha informato il pubblico.
  • Subject mismatch (especially tu/voi)
    • tu: avevi / informavi / reagivi
    • voi: avevate / informavate / reagivate

A practical “office news” model you can reuse

  • Scene (imperfect): Mentre guardavo il telegiornale, il presentatore informava spesso sui ritardi.
  • Your past routine (imperfect): Da giovane reagivo con calma alle notizie.
  • Description (imperfect): Avevo una radio in cucina e ascoltavo le notizie ogni mattina.

Tip: If you can translate it as “was -ing / used to / would (habitually)”, imperfetto is usually a good choice.

Self-check in 10 seconds

  1. Am I talking about a repeated habit or background action?
  2. Do I have a trigger like mentre, da bambino, sempre/spesso?
  3. Did I pick the correct verb group ending? -are→-avo / -ere→-evo / -ire→-ivo
  1. First conjugation (-are): -avo, -avi, -ava, -avamo, -avate, -avano
  2. Second conjugation (-ere): -evo, -evi, -eva, -evamo, -evate, -evano
  3. Third conjugation (-ire): -ivo, -ivi, -iva, -ivamo, -ivate, -ivano
1a coniugazione: Verbo informare (1st conjugation: verb informare)2a coniugazione: (2nd conjugation: )Verbo avere (verb avere)3a coniugazione: Verbo reagire (3rd conjugation: verb reagire)
Io informavoIo avevoIo reagivo
Tu informaviTu aveviTu reagivi
Lui / lei informavaLui / lei avevaLui / lei reagiva
Noi informavamoNoi avevamoNoi reagivamo
Voi informavateVoi avevateVoi reagivate
Loro informavanoLoro avevanoLoro reagivano

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Ieri sera, mentre guardavo il telegiornale, il presentatore ____ spesso sui ritardi dei treni.

Last night, while I was watching the news, the presenter ____ often reported on the train delays.

2. Da piccolo, ____ una radio in cucina e ascoltavo le notizie ogni mattina.

As a child, ____ a radio in the kitchen and listened to the news every morning.

3. Quando leggevo un titolo troppo forte, ____ con calma e poi controllavo su Internet.

When I read a headline that was too strong, ____ calmly and then checked online.

4. Durante la situazione difficile, noi ____ i colleghi con una chiamata veloce.

During the difficult situation, we ____ our colleagues with a quick call.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the imperfect tense.

1.
Error in the verb stem of dire: the correct form is dicevamo, not *dicavamo*.
This option is identical to the correct one but should be considered redundant; the original instructional error would have been a form like *dicavamo*.
2.
Error: -ire forms do not use -evo; the correct ending is -ivo (reagivo).
Error: -avo is the ending of the first conjugation (-are); for reagire the correct form is reagivo.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences in the imperfect tense by changing the verbs in parentheses (e.g.: today I inform → yesterday I was informing).

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Quando lavoravo a Milano, (informare) i clienti ogni settimana.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Quando lavoravo a Milano, informavo i clienti ogni settimana.
    (When I worked in Milan, I informed the clients every week.)
  2. Da bambino (avere) sempre paura dei temporali.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Da bambino avevo sempre paura dei temporali.
    (As a child, I was always afraid of thunderstorms.)
  3. In quella riunione tu non (reagire) mai alle critiche.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    In quella riunione tu non reagivi mai alle critiche.
    (In that meeting, you never reacted to criticism.)
  4. Nel vecchio ufficio noi (avere) una pausa pranzo più lunga.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Nel vecchio ufficio noi avevamo una pausa pranzo più lunga.
    (In the old office, we had a longer lunch break.)

Exercise 4: Grammar in action

Instruction: Speak in turn: describe what was happening and how you reacted.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
In ufficio, discutete una notizia vista ieri al telegiornale durante la pausa.
(At the office, you discuss a news story you saw yesterday on the TV news during the break.)

Discuss
  • Qual era il titolo e quale era la situazione descritta? (What was the headline and what was the situation described?)
  • Dove l'avevate vista o letta: telegiornale, giornale o Internet? Perché? (Where had you seen or read it: TV news, newspaper, or the Internet? Why?)

Useful words and phrases
  • Ieri guardavo il telegiornale e il presentatore informava. (Yesterday I was watching the TV news and the presenter was informing.)
  • Leggevo il giornale: il titolo descriveva la situazione. (I was reading the newspaper: the headline described the situation.)
  • Quando navigavo su Internet, mi chiedevo: «Cos'è successo?» (When I was browsing the Internet, I was asking myself: «What happened?»)

Use in conversation
  • Quando guardavo il telegiornale, ... (When I was watching the TV news, ...)
  • Io avevo ... (I had ...)
  • Noi reagivamo ... (We were reacting ...)

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Wednesday, 15/04/2026 16:59