L'imperfetto si usa per azioni accadute e terminate nel passato.

(The imperfect is used for actions that happened and finished in the past.)

Imperfetto: when do I use it?

  • Describe a background in the past
    • What the situation was like.
    • What you were feeling, thinking, doing in general.
    • Example: In quel periodo avevo molto lavoro. (At that time I had a lot of work.)
  • Talk about habits and routines in the past
    • Something you did regularly: every day, every Monday, often, usually.
    • Example: Ogni mattina informavo i clienti. (Every morning I used to inform the clients.)
  • Show two actions happening at the same time in the past
    • Often introduced by mentre = while.
    • Example: Mentre parlavo al telefono, ascoltavo le notizie. (While I was talking on the phone, I was listening to the news.)

Not for single, finished events with a clear time (yesterday at 8, last night, two minutes ago). For those, Italian prefers passato prossimo.

Imperfetto vs passato prossimo: quick choice

Use imperfetto when you... Use passato prossimo when you...
Describe a habit in the past
Da giovane lavoravo spesso di sera.
Talk about a single completed action
Ieri ho lavorato fino a tardi.
Describe background (weather, situation, feelings)
Era lunedì e pioveva.
Talk about what happened at a specific moment
All'improvviso ha iniziato a piovere.
Describe something that was in progress
Alle otto cenavamo. (We were having dinner.)
Say that something started / finished
Alle otto abbiamo iniziato a cenare.

Tip: If in English you naturally say “used to …” or “was …ing”, Italian often uses the imperfetto.

How to form the imperfetto (regular verbs)

All regular verbs use the same endings. Only the stem changes.

Pronoun 1st conjugation
(-are)
informare
2nd conjugation
(-ere)
temere
3rd conjugation
(-ire)
io informavo temevo sentivo
tu informavi temevi sentivi
lui / lei informava temeva sentiva
noi informavamo temevamo sentivamo
voi informavate temevate sentivate
loro informavano temevano sentivano
  • Formula: infinitive − -are / -ere / -ire + -vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano
  • Verbs like reagire (to react) keep the -isc- where it already exists: io reagivo, tu reagivi, lui reagiva…

Irregular but frequent: essere & avere

Essere (to be) is irregular:

Pronoun essere – imperfetto
ioero
tueri
lui / leiera
noieravamo
voieravate
loroerano

Avere (to have) is regular in the imperfetto (2nd conjugation pattern):

Pronoun avere – imperfetto
ioavevo
tuavevi
lui / leiaveva
noiavevamo
voiavevate
loroavevano

These two verbs appear very often in stories and descriptions. It is worth memorising them as a block.

Typical time expressions with the imperfetto

  • Frequency / habit
    • sempre (always), spesso (often), di solito (usually), ogni giorno (every day), il lunedì (on Mondays)
    • Example: Il lunedì informavamo i colleghi. (On Mondays we used to inform our colleagues.)
  • Periods of life
    • da giovane, da bambino, in quel periodo, all’università
    • Example: Da giovane avevo molte responsabilità. (When I was young I had many responsibilities.)
  • Background indication
    • allora (at that time), prima (before), una volta (once, in the past)

Be careful: very precise points in time like ieri alle 8, ieri sera, due minuti fa usually go with passato prossimo, unless you clearly describe an ongoing background action.

Imperfetto together with passato prossimo

In real conversations, these two tenses often appear together.

  • Background (imperfetto) + main action (passato prossimo)
    • Mentre leggevo le email, il direttore è entrato in ufficio.
      While I was reading emails, the director came into the office.
  • Habit (imperfetto) + exception (passato prossimo)
    • Di solito reagivo con calma, ma ieri mi sono arrabbiato.
      I usually reacted calmly, but yesterday I got angry.

Visual image: imperfetto = the “background picture”; passato prossimo = the “camera flash” on the key events.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Mixing two tenses in one verb group
    • L'anno scorso ho aveva un programma radiofonico.
    • Correct: L'anno scorso avevo un programma radiofonico.
  • Using imperfetto with a clearly future adverb
    • Giocavo domani con i colleghi.
    • Correct: Giocherò domani con i colleghi.
  • Forgetting agreement and plural
    • Facevo attenzione ai dettagli importante.
    • Correct: Facevo attenzione ai dettagli importanti.

When you correct yourself, focus on two checks: right tense and right endings / agreement.

Step-by-step: can I use the imperfetto here?

  1. Ask: Is this a description or a single event?
    • If it is a description / habit / background → prefer imperfetto.
    • If it is a single, finished action → prefer passato prossimo.
  2. Check the time expression
    • General period (da giovane, in quel periodo, di solito) → imperfetto fits.
    • Very precise moment (ieri alle 8, venerdì scorso) → probably passato prossimo.
  3. Try the English test
    • If you naturally say “used to …” or “was …ing” → use imperfetto.
    • If you naturally say “did once” → use passato prossimo.
  4. Form the verb
    • Take the infinitive, remove -are / -ere / -ire, add -vo, -vi, -va, -vamo, -vate, -vano.
    • For essere and avere, use the special tables above.

Quick self-check

  • Can you explain in your own words when to use imperfetto vs passato prossimo?
  • Can you conjugate informare, avere, reagire, and essere in the imperfetto for all persons?
  • Can you take 3 sentences about your current work routine and turn them into past habits with the imperfetto?

If you can answer “yes” to these questions, you are ready to focus on conversation and practice using the imperfetto in real situations.

  1. The imperfect is used to describe the past, to talk about a period of life, or about habitual actions.
1a coniugazione: Verbo informare (1st conjugation: Verb "informare" – to inform)2a coniugazione: (2nd conjugation:)Verbo avere3a coniugazione: Verbo reagire (3rd conjugation: Verb "reagire" – to react)
Io informavoIo avevoIo reagivo
Tu informaviTu aveviTu reagivi
Lui / lei informavaLui / lei avevaLui / lei reagiva
Noi informavamoNoi avevamoNoi reagivamo
Voi informavateVoi avevateVoi reagivate
Loro informavanoLoro avevanoLoro reagivano

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Quando lavoravo a Milano, ogni mattina ______ i colleghi sulle notizie economiche che sentivo alla radio.

When I was working in Milan, every morning I would ______ my colleagues about the economic news I heard on the radio.)

2. Ieri al telegiornale dicevano che la situazione del traffico era grave e tutti ______ con molta calma.

Yesterday on the news they said the traffic situation was serious and everyone ______ very calmly.)

3. Quando lavoravo in quella redazione, ______ sempre il computer acceso e guardavo i report online ogni ora.

When I worked in that newsroom, ______ always had my computer on and I checked the online reports every hour.)

4. Quando c'era uno sciopero dei mezzi, noi ______ sempre i clienti con una mail e loro di solito reagivano con comprensione.

When there was a public transport strike, we would ______ customers by email and they usually reacted with understanding.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence that uses the imperfect tense properly to describe past, habitual, or descriptive actions.

1.
'Yesterday I was playing' is correct only if the action was ongoing; however, the present perfect is often used for completed actions. Here, there is a lack of clarity between the tenses used.
The imperfect is not used to talk about future actions; 'tomorrow' requires a future tense.
2.
The use of the passato remoto 'listened' with 'while I was talking' creates an inappropriate temporal contrast.
The adverb 'yesterday' creates redundancy with the imperfect; it is preferable to avoid it in this sentence.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences using the imperfect to describe habitual actions or to talk about the past (example: Io informo → Io informavo).

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Ogni mattina io informo i clienti sulle novità del contratto.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Ogni mattina io informavo i clienti sulle novità del contratto.
    (Every morning I used to inform customers about contract updates.)
  2. Da giovane tu hai sempre molte responsabilità in ufficio.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Da giovane tu avevi sempre molte responsabilità in ufficio.
    (When you were young you always had many responsibilities in the office.)
  3. Quando il direttore arriva in ritardo, lui reagisce male alle critiche.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Quando il direttore arrivava in ritardo, lui reagiva male alle critiche.
    (When the director arrived late, he used to react badly to criticism.)
  4. Nel vecchio lavoro noi abbiamo spesso poche informazioni sui progetti.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Nel vecchio lavoro noi avevamo spesso poche informazioni sui progetti.
    (In the old job we often had little information about the projects.)

Exercise 4: Grammar in action

Instruction: In pairs, describe how you used to receive the news and how you used to react.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
In pausa caffè, due colleghi parlano di una notizia vista ieri al telegiornale.
(During a coffee break, two colleagues talk about a news story they saw on last night’s evening news.)

Discuss
  • Quando eri più giovane, come ti informavi quotidianamente sulle notizie? (When you were younger, how did you get your daily news?)
  • Quali programmi o giornali guardavi o leggevi e come reagivi alle cattive notizie? (Which programs or newspapers did you watch or read, and how did you react to bad news?)

Useful words and phrases
  • Guardavo il telegiornale delle otto. (I used to watch the eight o’clock news.)
  • Mi informavo navigando su Internet. (I used to get information by browsing the Internet.)
  • Informavo i colleghi quando c’era una notizia importante. (I used to tell my colleagues when there was important news.)

Use in conversation
  • Io informavo / mi informavo… (I used to get my information / I used to inform myself…)
  • Io avevo… (I used to have…)
  • Io reagivo… (I used to react…)

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Sunday, 08/03/2026 13:23