This lesson covers Polish pronunciation focusing on special letters like ą (wąż), ś (środa), and ń (koń), plus correct intonation in yes/no questions and common word stress patterns.
  1. Intonation in yes/no questions: we raise the pitch at the end of the sentence.
  2. Word stress: usually falls on the penultimate syllable.

Specjalne polskie litery

ą: wąż (snake)ś: środa (Wednesday)ń: koń (horse)rz: rzeka (river): dżungla (jungle)
ć: ćma (moth)ź: źrebak (foal)ł: Łódź (Łódź)sz: szafa (wardrobe): dźwięk (sound)
ę: ręka (hand)ż: żaba (frog)czczas (time)dz: dzwonek (bell) 

Taka sama wymowa, ale inny zapis

ó: stół (table)u: but (Special Polish letters)
ż: żaba (frog)rz: rzeka (river)
h: historia (history)ch: chleb (bread)
ć: ćma (moth)ci: ciasto (cake)
: dźwig (crane)dzi: dziecko (child)
ś: środa (Wednesday)si: siostra (sister)
ź: źrebak (foal)zi: ziemia (earth)

Exceptions!

  1. "rz" and "ż" have the same pronunciation (/ʐ/), but they change the meaning of the word. Example: morze – może.
  2. Sometimes the stress falls on the third or fourth syllable from the end. Example: zrobiliśmy, widzieliście.

Exercise 1: Dialogue completion

Instruction: Complete the dialogue with the correct solution

1. Anna: Dzień dobry, mam na imię ___ i jestem nową pracownicą działu marketingu.

(Anna: Good morning, my name is ___ and I am a new employee in the marketing department.)

2. Marek: Miło mi, Anna. Nazywam się ___ i jestem kierownikiem zespołu.

(Marek: Nice to meet you, Anna. My name is ___ and I am the team leader.)

3. Anna: Czy mógłbyś powtórzyć swoje ___? Słyszałam dobrze?

(Anna: Could you repeat your ___? Did I hear that correctly?)

4. Marek: Oczywiście, mam na imię Marek. A czy twoje imię zawiera polskie ___ diakrytyczne?

(Marek: Of course, my name is Marek. Does your name contain Polish ___ diacritical marks?)

5. Anna: Tak, moje imię zawiera literę 'ń'. To ___, bo zmienia wymowę.

(Anna: Yes, my name contains the letter 'ń'. It is ___ because it changes the pronunciation.)

6. Marek: Zgadza się. Dobrze, że mówisz to na początku, unikniemy ___ w dokumentach.

(Marek: That's right. It's good that you mention this at the beginning, so we can avoid ___ in the documents.)

Pronunciation, Intonation, and Stress in Polish

This lesson introduces you to the fundamental aspects of Polish pronunciation, intonation, and word stress, essential for clear and natural communication at the A1 level.

Special Polish Letters

Polish features unique letters with diacritical marks, which affect pronunciation and meaning. These include ą, ę, ó, ć, ń, ś, ź, ł, ż. Some examples you will practice are:

  • ą: wąż
  • ś: środa
  • ń: koń
  • rz: rzeka
  • : dżungla
  • ł: Łódź
  • sz: szafa

Same Pronunciation, Different Spelling

Certain pairs of letters in Polish have the same pronunciation but different spellings. Recognizing these is important for reading and writing. For example:

  • ó vs u: stół vs but
  • ż vs rz: żaba vs rzeka
  • h vs ch: historia vs chleb
  • ć vs ci: ćma vs ciasto
  • vs dzi: dźwig vs dziecko
  • ś vs si: środa vs siostra
  • ź vs zi: źrebak vs ziemia

Intonation and Stress Patterns

Understanding intonation and stress helps express meaning naturally:

  • Intonation in yes/no questions: Your voice rises at the end of the question.
  • Word stress: Usually falls on the penultimate (second to last) syllable, e.g., ręka. Sometimes stress lands on the third or fourth syllable from the end, as in zrobiliśmy or widzieliście.
  • Pronunciation nuances: For instance, rz and ż share the same sound (/ʐ/), but they alter word meaning. Examples: morze (sea) vs może (maybe).

Tips for English Speakers Learning Polish

Some Polish sounds and letters may not have direct English equivalents. For example, the nasal vowels ą and ę do not exist in English and require practice. Additionally, Polish word stress is mostly predictable (penultimate syllable), unlike English, where stress can vary and affect meaning.

Useful Polish phrases with special letters:

  • Dzień dobry (Good morning) – notice the ń.
  • Miło mi (Nice to meet you), where ł is pronounced like the English w.
  • Tak, moje imię zawiera literę 'ń'. (Yes, my name contains the letter 'ń'.)

Keep practicing these examples to improve your Polish pronunciation and understanding of intonation and stress! This foundation will aid your speaking and listening skills.

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Joanna Majchrowska

Master of Spanish Philology

University of Lodz

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Poland


Last Updated:

Thursday, 04/12/2025 11:18