Learn how to use temporal adverbial clauses in Spanish to express actions happening before or after others, including key phrases like "antes de" (before) and "después de" (after), with both infinitive and subjunctive forms.
  1. We talk about anteriority when the main action happens before the subordinate one. We use the preposition "antes de" with the infinitive and "antes de que" with the subjunctive.
  2. We speak of posteriority when the subordinate action occurs after the main one. We use the preposition "después de" with the infinitive and the preposition "después de que" with the subjunctive.
TipoExpresionesEjemplo
AnterioridadAntes de (infinitivo)Antes de perder el empleo es importante actualizar la formación. (Before losing the job, it is important to update the training.)
Antes de que (subjuntivo)El entrevistador quiere conocer la disponibilidad del entrevistado antes de que se confirme su incorporación inmediata. (The interviewer wants to know the interviewee's availability before immediate incorporation is confirmed.)
PosterioridadDespués de (infinitivo)Después de cobrar el último sueldo muchas personas empiezan la búsqueda de trabajo. (After receiving the last salary many people begin the job search.)
Después de que (subjuntivo)La empresa evaluará la crisis económica después de que finalicen las entrevistas. (The company will evaluate the economic crisis after the interviews have ended.)

Exercise 1: Oraciones subordinadas adverbiales temporales I

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

llegue, comience, terminar, aceptar, recibir, decida, cobrar, perder

1. Decidir:
El equipo de recursos humanos realizará un análisis de la crisis antes de que ... contratar a más personal.
(The human resources team will carry out an analysis of the crisis before deciding to hire more staff.)
2. Aceptar:
Antes de ... el nuevo puesto María pidió detalles sobre el salario y la estabilidad laboral.
(Before accepting the new position María asked for details about the salary and job stability.)
3. Cobrar:
Después de ... el último sueldo muchos empleados afectados por el paro se inscribieron en cursos de formación.
(After collecting the last salary, many employees affected by unemployment enrolled in training courses.)
4. Comenzar:
El entrevistador siempre revisa el currículum del entrevistado antes de que ... la entrevista.
(The interviewer always checks the interviewee's CV before the interview begins.)
5. Recibir:
Antes de ... su primer sueldo el entrevistado debe firmar el contrato de incorporación inmediata.
(Before receiving their first salary, the interviewee must sign the contract of immediate incorporation.)
6. Terminar:
Después de ... su formación Pedro comenzó la búsqueda de trabajo en sectores con mayor demanda.
(After finishing his training, Pedro began searching for work in sectors with higher demand.)
7. Perder:
Después de ... el trabajo algunos optaron por emprender su propio negocio en lugar de seguir en el paro.
(After losing their jobs some chose to start their own business instead of remaining unemployed.)
8. Llegar:
Antes de que el entrevistador ... el entrevistado debe preparar respuestas sobre su disponibilidad e incorporación inmediata.
(Before the interviewer arrives, the interviewee must prepare answers about their availability and immediate start.)

Understanding Temporal Adverbial Subordinate Clauses I

This lesson focuses on temporal adverbial subordinate clauses in Spanish, specifically those expressing anteriority and posteriority. These clauses help indicate the timing relationship between two actions or events, an essential skill for effective communication at a B1 intermediate level.

Types of Temporal Clauses

There are two primary categories covered here:

  • Anteriority: When the main action occurs after the subordinate action.
  • Posteriority: When the main action occurs before the subordinate action.

Anteriority Expressions

Spanish uses the preposition "antes de" with an infinitive and "antes de que" with the subjunctive to express that one action happens before another.

Examples:

  • Antes de perder el empleo es importante actualizar la formación.
  • El entrevistador quiere conocer la disponibilidad del entrevistado antes de que se confirme su incorporación inmediata.

Posteriority Expressions

Spanish uses the preposition "después de" with an infinitive and "después de que" with the subjunctive to indicate that one action happens after another.

Examples:

  • Después de cobrar el último sueldo muchas personas empiezan la búsqueda de trabajo.
  • La empresa evaluará la crisis económica después de que finalicen las entrevistas.

Key Points of Usage

  • Use the infinitive form after "antes de" and "después de" when the subject of both clauses is the same.
  • Use the subjunctive mood after "antes de que" and "después de que" when the subject of the subordinate clause differs.

Comparing With English

In English, temporal clauses usually use conjunctions like "before" and "after" with either the gerund or full clauses (e.g., "before losing" vs. "before he loses"), but English does not require the subjunctive mood in these cases. Spanish differentiates clearly with the subjunctive after "antes de que" and "después de que", which reflects uncertainty or anticipation.

Useful Spanish Phrases and Their English Equivalents

  • Antes de + infinitive — "Before + gerund/verb" (e.g., "Antes de perder" = "Before losing")
  • Antes de que + subjunctive — "Before (that) + subject + verb" (e.g., "antes de que se confirme" = "before it is confirmed")
  • Después de + infinitive — "After + gerund/verb" (e.g., "Después de cobrar" = "After receiving")
  • Después de que + subjunctive — "After (that) + subject + verb" (e.g., "después de que finalicen" = "after they finish")

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