Learn to express purpose in German using "damit" and "um ... zu" with verbs like buchen (to book) and reservieren (to reserve). Understand sentence structure for clear goal communication.
  1. „Um...zu" is somewhat more formal or written.
Konjunktion (Conjunction)Beispiel (Example)
damit (so that)Ich buche ein Hostel, damit wir günstig übernachten. (I book a hostel so that we stay cheaply.)
um ... zu (um ... zu)Ich reserviere ein Doppelzimmer, um bequem zu schlafen. (I reserve a double room, to sleep comfortably in.)

Exceptions!

  1. "damit" = subordinate clause with the verb at the end is mandatory
  2. "um ... zu" can only be used for the subject of the main clause

Exercise 1: Den Zweck ausdrücken mit „damit" und „um … zu"

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

damit, um

1.
Ich habe die Halbpension gebucht, ... besser zu essen.
(Ich habe die Halbpension gebucht, um besser zu essen.)
2.
Ich habe das Hostel gebucht, ... sicher zu schlafen.
(Ich habe das Hostel gebucht, um sicher zu schlafen.)
3.
Das Reisebüro bestätigt die Buchung, ... alles klar ist.
(Das Reisebüro bestätigt die Buchung, damit alles klar ist.)
4.
Ich buche ein Hostel, ... wir günstig übernachten.
(Ich buche ein Hostel, damit wir günstig übernachten.)
5.
Wir wollen die Vollpension, ... wir nicht selbst kochen.
(Wir wollen die Vollpension, damit wir nicht selbst kochen.)
6.
Wir buchen die Unterkunft früh, ... alles bestätigt wird.
(Wir buchen die Unterkunft früh, damit alles bestätigt wird.)
7.
Ich finde ein Hostel, ... günstig zu übernachten.
(Ich finde ein Hostel, um günstig zu übernachten.)
8.
Ich reserviere ein Doppelzimmer, ... bequem zu schlafen.
(Ich reserviere ein Doppelzimmer, um bequem zu schlafen.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the grammatically correct variant that expresses an intention or purpose using 'damit' or 'um ... zu'. Pay close attention to the verb word order in the sentence and the subject of the main clause.

1.
'damit' requires the conjugated verb to be at the end of the clause; here the modal verb 'can' is missing.
'um ... zu' requires the infinitive form, not a subordinate clause with a conjugated verb.
2.
After 'damit' follows a subordinate clause with a conjugated verb at the end; here an infinitive is incorrectly used.
'um ... zu' must be used with the infinitive; here a subordinate clause with a conjugated verb is incorrectly formed.
3.
'um ... zu' requires the infinitive; it is missing here, and the subject must be the same as in the main clause.
With 'damit' the verb always comes at the end of the clause; here the word order is incorrect.
4.
'um ... zu' requires an infinitive construction; here, a subordinate clause is incorrectly inserted.
'damit' requires a subordinate clause with the verb at the end, not an infinitive with 'zu'.

Expressing Purpose with „damit" and „um … zu"

This lesson focuses on how to express purpose or intention in German using the conjunctions damit and the structure um ... zu. Both forms are commonly used to connect sentences where the goal or intention behind an action is explained.

Key Concepts

  • damit introduces a subordinate clause where the verb is placed at the end.
  • um ... zu introduces an infinitive clause used only when the subject of the main clause is the same as in the purpose clause.
  • „um ... zu" is often considered slightly more formal or used more frequently in written language.

Examples

ConjunctionExample
damitIch buche ein Hostel, damit wir günstig übernachten.
um ... zuIch reserviere ein Doppelzimmer, um bequem zu schlafen.

Details and Usage

Both damit and um ... zu are used to link a purpose to an action, such as booking, planning, or confirming. damit requires a subordinate clause with the conjugated verb at the very end, while um ... zu requires an infinitive construction.

Important differences include the subject agreement: um ... zu can only be used when the subject of both clauses is the same. For example, you say, "Ich reserviere ein Zimmer, um bequem zu schlafen." but not if the subjects differ.

Note on Differences with English

English often uses "so that" or "in order to" to express purpose. German separates these into:

  • damit: corresponds to "so that" introducing a subordinate clause with the verb at the end.
  • um ... zu: corresponds to "in order to", used with an infinitive clause.

A useful tip is to remember that damit introduces a clause with a conjugated verb, and the subject can differ, while um ... zu is followed by an infinitive phrase where the subject is the same as in the main clause.

Useful Words and Phrases

  • planen (to plan)
  • buchen (to book)
  • bestätigen (to confirm)
  • günstig übernachten (to stay cheaply)
  • bequem schlafen (to sleep comfortably)

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Louis Fernando Hess

Bachelor of Science - Intercultural Business Psychology

Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences

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Germany


Last Updated:

Tuesday, 02/12/2025 02:20