This lesson covers the Präteritum forms of irregular German verbs like sein (war), kommen (kam), rufen (rief), and helfen (half), focusing on their stem changes for past narration.
  1. Irregular verbs in the simple past almost always change the stem.
Person (Person)sein (to be)kommen (come)rufen (to call)helfen (help)
ich (I)war (was)kam (came)rief (called)half (helped)
du (you)warst (were)kamst (came)riefst (called)halfst (helped)
er/sie/es (he/she/it)war (was)kam (came)rief (called)half (helped)
wir (we)waren (were)kamen (came)riefen (called)halfen (helped)
ihr (you (plural))wart (waited)kamt (came)rieft (called)halft (helped)
sie/Sie (they/You)waren (were)kamen (came)riefen (called)halfen (helped)

Exercise 1: Präteritum: unregelmäßige Verben

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

kamen, kam, rief, half, war

1. Sein:
Das Rote Kreuz ... vor Ort aktiv.
(Das Rote Kreuz war vor Ort aktiv.)
2. Kommen:
Die Helfer ... direkt vom Einsatz zurück.
(Die Helfer kamen direkt vom Einsatz zurück.)
3. Kommen:
Die Feuerwehr ... in wenigen Minuten.
(Die Feuerwehr kam in wenigen Minuten.)
4. Rufen:
Er ... laut nach Hilfe im Notfall.
(Er rief laut nach Hilfe im Notfall.)
5. Rufen:
Sie ... sofort einen Krankenwagen.
(Sie rief sofort einen Krankenwagen.)
6. Helfen:
Der Sanitäter ... den verletzten Personen.
(Der Sanitäter half den verletzten Personen.)
7. Helfen:
Die Ärztin ... dem Patienten sofort.
(Die Ärztin half dem Patienten sofort.)
8. Sein:
Der Notruf ... lebenswichtig in dieser Situation.
(Der Notruf war lebenswichtig in dieser Situation.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the sentence with the correct simple past form of the irregular verb:

1.
This is the present tense, not the simple past.
Incorrect stem form; 'kommen' in the simple past is 'kam', not 'komte'.
2.
Incorrect form; 'helfen' in the simple past is 'half', not 'halfte'.
Incorrect past tense form; 'geholfen' is the past participle, not the simple past.
3.
The form 'riefte' does not exist in the simple past.
Incorrect stem form; the correct form is 'rief', not 'ruffte'.
4.
Incorrect form; 'wart' is 2nd person singular, not for 'we'.
Incorrect form; for 'we' you need 'waren', not 'was'.

The Präteritum of Irregular German Verbs

This lesson focuses on the Präteritum tense (simple past) for irregular verbs in German, a crucial topic for learners at the A2 level. You will learn how to conjugate some commonly used irregular verbs, which differ from regular verbs mainly by changing their stem vowels in the past tense.

Understanding Irregular Verb Forms

Unlike regular verbs, irregular verbs in the Präteritum do not follow a predictable pattern and often change the stem vowel. For example:

  • sein (to be): ich war, du warst, er/sie/es war, wir waren, ihr wart, sie/Sie waren
  • kommen (to come): ich kam, du kamst, er/sie/es kam, wir kamen, ihr kamt, sie/Sie kamen
  • rufen (to call): ich rief, du riefst, er/sie/es rief, wir riefen, ihr rieft, sie/Sie riefen
  • helfen (to help): ich half, du halfst, er/sie/es half, wir halfen, ihr halft, sie/Sie halfen

Key Points About Irregular Verbs in Präteritum

  • The stem vowel changes in almost all irregular verbs.
  • Endings are similar to those of regular verbs, but the altered stem is the defining feature.
  • The forms must often be memorized, as patterns vary.

Practical Examples

  • "Die Feuerwehr kam sofort zum Unfallort." (The fire brigade came immediately to the accident scene.)
  • "Ich half dem Patienten während der Notaufnahme." (I helped the patient during the emergency admission.)
  • "Er rief sofort den Notarzt an." (He called the emergency doctor immediately.)
  • "Wir waren gestern bei der Polizei." (We were at the police station yesterday.)

Differences Between English and German Past Tenses

In English, the simple past is formed regularly by adding "-ed" or using irregular forms, similar to German irregular verbs. However, German's Präteritum is often reserved for written language and formal contexts, whereas in spoken German, the Perfekt (present perfect) tense is more common. Also, note that in German, verbs like "sein" (to be) and modal or common action verbs have distinct stem vowel changes that need to be learned carefully.

Useful Phrases and Their English Equivalents

  • war – was
  • kam – came
  • rief – called
  • half – helped
  • waren – were

Learning these forms will help you understand and narrate past events naturally and correctly in German.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Louis Fernando Hess

Bachelor of Science - Intercultural Business Psychology

Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences

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Germany


Last Updated:

Tuesday, 02/12/2025 01:33