The present conditional: irregular verbs

Il condizionale presente: i verbi irregolari


Impara le forme irregolari del condizionale.

(Learn the irregular forms of the present conditional.)

What changes in these irregular conditionals

In the condizionale presente the endings stay the same.

With these verbs, the part that changes is the stem (the “base”).

Rule What to watch for
irregular stem + regular conditional ending Don’t try to build it from the infinitive (e.g., poteresti). Use potr-potresti.

The endings you attach (they are regular)

Use these endings with the new stem:

Person Ending Example with vor- (volere)
io-eiio vorrei
tu-estitu vorresti
lui/lei-ebbelei vorrebbe
noi-emmonoi vorremmo
voi-estevoi vorreste
loro-ebberoloro vorrebbero

The irregular stems (learn them as “new roots”)

Memorize the stem once; after that, the verb behaves regularly.

Infinitive Stem in the conditional One correct form
esseresar-io sarei
avereavr-io avrei
poterepotr-tu potresti
saperesapr-lei saprebbe
venirever-noi verremmo
volerevor-voi vorreste
doveredovr-loro dovrebbero

How to build it (fast 3-step method)

  1. Pick the verb (essere/avere/potere/sapere/venire/volere/dovere).
  2. Replace the stem with the correct irregular stem (sar-, avr-, potr-, sapr-, ver-, vor-, dovr-).
  3. Add the ending for the person (-ei, -esti, -ebbe, -emmo, -este, -ebbero).

Example: venire → ver- + -rei (io) = verrei.

Meaning and typical uses (what it “does” in real life)

  • Polite requests / questions: Potresti aiutarmi? / Mi sapresti dire…?
  • Wishes / preferences: Vorrei un appuntamento domani.
  • Advice / “should”: Dovrei rispondere a questa email oggi.
  • Hypothetical situations: Io verrei, ma lavoro fino alle sei.

Common mistakes to avoid (quick fixes)

  • Future vs conditional

    Conditional = polite/possible: io avrei bisogno…

    Future = will: io avrò bisogno…

  • Wrong stem (most frequent)

    poterestipotresti

    saperesti (for conditional) → sapresti

    venreiverrei

    sarrestisaresti

  • Adding extra words from English

    English “would be able to” is usually just potresti in Italian.

Self-check: can you recognise the stem + ending?

  • vorrei = vor- (volere) + -ei (io)

  • dovrebbe = dovr- (dovere) + -ebbe (lui/lei)

  • saresti = sar- (essere) + -esti (tu)

  • avremmo = avr- (avere) + -emmo (noi)

If you can split the form into stem + ending, you are using the rule correctly.

  1. The endings do not change; what changes is the verb stem.
Cambio della base (Stem change)Esempio (Example)
Essere → sar-Lei sarebbe un'ottima scrittrice. (She would be an excellent writer.)
Avere → avr-Io avrei bisogno di un dizionario. (I would need a dictionary.)
Potere → potr-Potresti consigliarmi un libro? (Could you recommend a book to me?)
Sapere → sapr-Mi sapresti dire dov'è la libreria? (Could you tell me where the bookstore is?)
Venire → ver-Tu verresti con noi in biblioteca? (Would you come with us to the library?)
Volere → vor-Io vorrei andare oggi in libreria. (I would like to go to the bookstore today.)
Dovere → dovr-Io dovrei cercare un libro. (I should look for a book.)

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Per registrarti come nuovo socio, ______ compilare questo modulo.

To register as a new member, ______ fill out this form.

2. ______ prendere in prestito un romanzo classico, ma non so quale scegliere.

______ like to borrow a classic novel, but I don’t know which one to choose.

3. ______ consigliarmi una biografia breve e facile da leggere?

______ recommend a short biography that’s easy to read?

4. Mi ______ dire dove sono le riviste di letteratura?

Could you ______ tell me where the literary magazines are?

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the present conditional (irregular verbs).

1.
Error: the conditional is missing; with 'io' you need 'avrei'.
Error: 'avrò' is the simple future, not the present conditional.
2.
Error: duplication of the correct option - in a question there must be only one correct answer.
Error: wrong stem - the form does not exist; the correct one is 'potresti'.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences using the present conditional of the irregular verbs indicated (to be, to have, to be able to/can, to know, to come, to want, to have to/ought to).

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Hint Hint (sapere) Mi dai un’informazione sull’orario della biblioteca?
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Mi sapresti dire l’orario della biblioteca?
    (Could you tell me the library’s opening hours?)
  2. Hint Hint (venire) Accompagnami in libreria oggi pomeriggio.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Verresti con me in libreria oggi pomeriggio?
    (Would you come with me to the bookstore this afternoon?)
  3. Hint Hint (avere) Mi presti il tuo dizionario per un’ora?
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Avresti un dizionario da prestarmi per un’ora?
    (Would you happen to have a dictionary you could lend me for an hour?)
  4. Hint Hint (potere) Mi consigli un libro facile in italiano?
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Potresti consigliarmi un libro facile in italiano?
    (Could you recommend an easy book in Italian?)

Exercise 4: Grammar in action

Instruction: In pairs, recommend books to each other and arrange the loan using the conditional.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
Sei in biblioteca e devi scegliere libri per un corso serale.
(You are in the library and you need to choose books for an evening course.)

Discuss
  • Che libro prenderesti per il corso serale e perché? (Which book would you take for the evening course and why?)
  • Potresti consigliarmi un autore o un titolo specifico? Per quale motivo? (Could you recommend an author or a specific title? For what reason?)

Useful words and phrases
  • Vorrei prendere un romanzo classico o una biografia. (I would like to borrow a classic novel or a biography.)
  • Potresti prestarmi quel libro? (Could you lend me that book?)
  • Dovrei restituire il libro tra due settimane. (I should return the book in two weeks.)

Use in conversation
  • vorrei (I would like)
  • potresti (could you)
  • dovrei (I should)

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Wednesday, 15/04/2026 19:25