Explore the imperfect tense of irregular Italian verbs like fare (facevo), essere (ero), and dire (dicevo), focusing on their unique root changes and conjugations essential for describing past habits and states.
  1. Most irregular verbs, such as "fare", "dire", are partially irregular: they change the stem, but the conjugation remains regular.
  2. The verb essere is completely irregular: both the root and the conjugation change.
1a coniugazione: verbo fare (1st conjugation: verb to do)2a coniugazione: verbo essere3a coniugazione: verbo dire (3rd conjugation: verb to say)
Io facevo (I was doing)Io ero (I was)Io dicevo (I was saying)
Tu facevi (You were doing)Tu eri (You were)Tu dicevi (You said)
Lui / lei faceva (He / she was doing)Lui / lei era (He / she was)Lui / lei diceva (He / she was saying)
Noi facevamo (We were doing)Noi eravamo (We were)Noi dicevamo (We said)
Voi facevate (You (plural) used to do)Voi eravate (You were)Voi dicevate (You were saying)
Loro facevano (They were doing)Loro erano (They were)Loro dicevano (They said)

Exercise 1: L'imperfetto: i verbi irregolari

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

era, faceva, diceva, facevate, eravamo, facevi, facevo, dicevo

1. Essere:
Noi ... molto felici dopo aver sentito le notizie.
(Noi eravamo molto felici dopo aver sentito le notizie.)
2. Fare:
Quando ero piccolo, ... spesso sport con gli amici.
(Quando ero piccolo, facevo spesso sport con gli amici.)
3. Fare:
Tu ... il compito mentre guardavi la televisione.
(Tu facevi il compito mentre guardavi la televisione.)
4. Essere:
Lei ... sempre molto curiosa di sapere cosa accadeva.
(Lei era sempre molto curiosa di sapere cosa accadeva.)
5. Dire:
Ieri sera, lui ... sempre la verità durante il telegiornale.
(Ieri sera, lui diceva sempre la verità durante il telegiornale.)
6. Fare:
Voi ... domande durante il programma radiofonico.
(Voi facevate domande durante il programma radiofonico.)
7. Dire:
Io ... quello che vedevo in televisione ieri sera.
(Io dicevo quello che vedevo in televisione ieri sera.)
8. Fare:
Lui ... una chiamata a mia mamma ogni giorno.
(Lui faceva una chiamata a mia mamma ogni giorno.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the imperfect tense from the given options. Pay attention to common mistakes in using the imperfect, such as incorrect forms of regular and irregular verbs and wrong conjugations. The sentences refer to everyday situations and are useful for talking about past events, descriptions, and habits.

1.
Spelling error: the correct word is 'television', not 'televisoni'.
The coherent subject (I) is missing; 'guardava' is third person singular, whereas for 'Last night I...' you use 'guardavo'.
2.
Spelling error: 'amichi' should be 'amici'.
Incorrect form: 'amiciato' does not exist; it should be 'amici'.
3.
Incorrect form with a nonexistent suffix 'riunioniato'.
Number error: 'riunione' is singular while plural 'riunioni' was intended.
4.
Error in the plural of 'giorno'; the correct form is 'giorni'.
Number error: 'cliente' is singular but should be plural 'clienti'.

Overview of the Imperfect Tense: Irregular Verbs

This lesson focuses on the Italian imperfect tense (l'imperfetto), specifically on irregular verbs. The imperfect tense is primarily used to talk about past habitual actions, ongoing states, or descriptions. Understanding irregular verbs in this tense is essential since they deviate from regular conjugation patterns, making them a vital part of everyday communication.

Key Irregular Verbs Covered

  • Fare (to do/make): A 1st conjugation irregular verb where the root changes but endings stay regular. Examples include io facevo (I was doing/making) and tu facevi (you were doing/making).
  • Essere (to be): A fully irregular verb featuring changes in both root and conjugation. Forms like io ero (I was) and loro erano (they were) are essential to master due to their frequent use.
  • Dire (to say/tell): Another partially irregular verb with a root change but regular endings. Examples: io dicevo (I was saying), lui/lei diceva (he/she was saying).

Important Highlights

  • Most irregular verbs in the imperfect are only partially irregular, changing their root but keeping the conjugation endings consistent with regular verbs.
  • Essere is the unique exception with full irregularity, affecting both root and endings.
  • Practicing these forms can boost your ability to describe past actions, states, and habitual behaviors naturally and accurately.

Instruction & Italian Language Differences

Since English and Italian belong to different language families, the imperfect tense in Italian serves some functions that English often expresses with past continuous or simple past. For example, io facevo corresponds loosely to "I was doing" or "I used to do." Additionally, Italian verbs are conjugated according to person and number, which is often less pronounced in English.

Useful Phrases & Vocabulary

  • fare – to do, to make
  • essere – to be
  • dire – to say, to tell
  • facevo – I was doing, I used to do
  • ero – I was
  • dicevo – I was saying, I used to say

By mastering these verbs and their imperfect forms, you will strengthen your ability to narrate past events, describe ongoing situations in the past, and express habitual past actions in Italian confidently.

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Saturday, 29/11/2025 04:19