Learn how to use the passato prossimo with irregular participles like "stato" (been), "detto" (said), and "fatto" (done) to describe recent actions clearly and naturally.
  1. Verbs that do not follow the general rule are called irregular, and their past participle has a different form.
Verbo (Verb)Participio irregolare (Irregular past participle)Esempio (Example)
EssereStatoIl funzionario è stato molto gentile. (The official has been very kind.)
DireDettoHo detto che ho un appuntamento oggi. (I said that I have an appointment today.)
FareFattoHo fatto domanda per il permesso di lavoro. (I have made an application for the work permit.)
ScrivereScrittoHai scritto il codice fiscale? (Have you written the tax code?)
VedereVistoAvete visto dov'è il municipio? (Have you seen where the town hall is?)
PrenderePresoNon hanno preso appuntamento per oggi. (They have not taken an appointment for today.)

 

Exercise 1: Il passato prossimo con participi irregolari

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

hai preso, avete visto, abbiamo detto, hanno scritto, è stato, sei stato, ho preso, ho visto

1. Prendere:
Io ... il documento ieri al municipio.
(I collected the document yesterday at the town hall.)
2. Vedere:
Voi ... la scadenza del permesso lavoro.
(Have you seen the expiry date of the work permit?)
3. Essere:
Il funzionario ... molto gentile con noi.
(The official was very kind to us.)
4. Essere:
Tu non ... in municipio stamattina.
(You were not at the town hall this morning.)
5. Prendere:
Tu ... un certificato obbligatorio stamattina.
(You took a mandatory certificate this morning.)
6. Vedere:
Io non ... la scadenza del documento.
(I did not see the document's expiry date.)
7. Scrivere:
Loro ... il codice fiscale nel form.
(They wrote the tax code in the form.)
8. Dire:
Noi ... che l'appuntamento era scaduto.
(We said that the appointment had expired.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence that uses the passato prossimo with irregular past participles.

1.
Error: the present tense "faccio" is not used but the passato prossimo with the past participle.
Error: incorrect form of the past participle; the correct form is "fatto."
2.
Error: "stato" is used with the verb essere, not with avere.
Error: the participle must agree with the masculine subject, so "stato" and not "stata."
3.
Error: incorrect form of the past participle; the correct form is "scritto."
Error: the verb must be in the past participle, not the infinitive.
4.
Error: the past participle "visto" does not change form in plural with the verb avere.
Error: wrong agreement of the irregular past participle "visto," which remains unchanged.

Understanding the Passato Prossimo with Irregular Past Participles

This lesson explores the Italian passato prossimo tense focusing on verbs that have irregular past participle forms. The passato prossimo is a common past tense used to express actions completed in the recent past or with direct relevance to the present.

What You'll Learn

You will discover how certain verbs deviate from the standard -ato/-uto/-ito endings in their past participles. These irregular forms are essential for proper communication and often appear in everyday conversation or formal contexts.

Key Irregular Past Participles

  • Essere (to be) → stato
  • Dire (to say) → detto
  • Fare (to do/make) → fatto
  • Scrivere (to write) → scritto
  • Vedere (to see) → visto
  • Prendere (to take) → preso

Examples in Context

You will find practical example sentences such as:

  • "Il funzionario è stato molto gentile."
  • "Ho detto che ho un appuntamento oggi."
  • "Ho fatto domanda per il permesso di lavoro."
  • "Hai scritto il codice fiscale?"
  • "Avete visto dov'è il municipio?"

Important Notes on Usage

These verbs with irregular participles often combine with avere or essere as auxiliary verbs in passato prossimo. For example, essere conjugates with è stato, while others like fare and dire use avere: ho fatto, ho detto. Paying attention to this helps ensure correct sentence formation.

Differences Between English and Italian Past Forms

Unlike English, which often uses a regular '-ed' ending for past participles, Italian has many irregular forms that must be memorized individually. For instance, "to do" becomes "fatto" rather than a form similar to "duto." Also, Italian adjusts auxiliary verbs (essere or avere) depending on the main verb, whereas English relies on just one auxiliary "have." This can affect sentence structure and agreement.

Useful Words and Phrases

  • Essere — to be
  • Dire — to say
  • Fare — to do/make
  • Scrivere — to write
  • Vedere — to see
  • Prendere — to take
  • Passato prossimo — present perfect/past tense
  • Participio passato — past participle

Mastering these irregular past participles and their proper use in passato prossimo is a key step to improving your Italian fluency at the A2 level.

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 28/08/2025 14:06