Il che introduce delle frasi subordinate che possono essere oggettive o relative.

(Che introduces subordinate clauses that can be object clauses or relative clauses.)

Che: two uses you must not mix

  • Object clause (subordinata oggettiva): after a verb like dire, sapere, pensare, credere → you report what someone says/knows/thinks.
  • Relative clause (subordinata relativa): after a noun → you describe which person/thing you mean.
Type Quick test Typical English
Oggettiva Can you put “that …” after the verb? “I know that …”
Relativa Is there a noun right before che? “the diet that …”

1) Oggettiva: verb + che + sentence

Use it to introduce information after a verb (what is said, known, believed).

  • Formula: verbo + che + frase
  • Common verbs: dire, sapere, pensare, credere, sperare, vedere, sentire
Italian Meaning
Il dottore dice che la dieta è equilibrata. The doctor says that the diet is balanced.
So che perdi peso con lo sport. I know that you lose weight with exercise.

Self-check: if you remove che, the sentence usually feels “unfinished” in Italian.

So perdi peso…So che perdi peso…

2) Relativa: noun + che + verb

Use it to identify/describe a noun. Che replaces the noun inside the second clause.

  • Formula: nome + che + verbo (+ …)
  • Meaning: “the … that …” / “the … who …”
Italian Meaning
La dieta che segui è salutare. The diet that you follow is healthy.
Il pasto che mangi contiene spinaci. The meal that you eat contains spinach.

Che is invariable: no gender, no plural

  • Always che: la dieta che…, le diete che…, il pasto che…, i pasti che…
  • Don’t try to “agree” it with the noun. Italian does not do that here.

Che can be subject or object (relative clauses)

In a relative clause, che can play two roles.

Role Clue Example
Subject (the person/thing does the action) che + verb (and there is no other subject) Il collega che prepara sempre un pranzo leggero…
Object (the person/thing receives the action) After the verb you often see a subject like io/tu/lui La dieta che segui… (you follow the diet)

The key limitation: never put a preposition before che

This is a frequent mistake for English speakers.

  • Correct: Il pranzo che mangio in ufficio è leggero.
  • Wrong: Il pranzo di che mangio in ufficio…
  • Wrong: La lista per che preparo la spesa…

What to do instead? At A2, the safe strategy is:

  • If you feel you need di/a/per/con before “that/which”, you often need a different structure (later you’ll learn cui).
  • For now, choose sentences where the link needs no preposition (as in the examples).

Fast decision guide (self-study)

  1. Look left: is there a noun right before? → likely relative.
  2. If not, look at the verb: does the verb need “what/that…” information? → object clause.
  3. Check yourself in English:
    • “I know/say/think that …” → che (oggettiva)
    • “the person/thing that …” → che (relativa)

What you should pay attention to

  • Don’t add words around che: no article, no preposition.
  • Word order stays normal: che + clause.
  • Meaning comes from context: the same che can mean “that/which/who” in English.
  1. The relative 'che' is used to replace a noun and at the same time to join and relate two sentences, one main and the other subordinate.
  2. 'Che' is invariable and is used as the subject or object of the subordinate clause.
Subordinata (Subordinate clause)Formula (Structure)Esempio (Example)
Oggettiva (Object clause)Verbo + che + frase (Verb + che + clause)

Il dottore dice che la dieta è equilibrata. (The doctor says that the diet is balanced.)

So che perdi peso con lo sport. (I know that you lose weight with exercise.)

Relativa (Relative clause)Nome + che + verbo (Noun + che + verb)

La dieta che segui è salutare. (The diet that you follow is healthy.)

Il pasto che mangi contiene spinaci. (The meal that you eat contains spinach.)

Exceptions!

  1. 'Che' is never followed by prepositions.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. La dieta ____ segui è bilanciata, ma devi idratarti di più.

The diet ____ you follow is balanced, but you need to hydrate more.

2. Il riso ____ mangi a pranzo ti dà energia per il pomeriggio.

The rice ____ you eat for lunch gives you energy for the afternoon.

3. Gli spinaci ____ compro al mercato sono freschi e costano poco.

The spinach ____ I buy at the market is fresh and costs little.

4. La frutta ____ mangi dopo lo sport è una buona abitudine.

The fruit ____ you eat after sports is a good habit.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Combine the two sentences into one using "che" (objective or relative subordinate).

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  1. Il dottore dice una cosa. La dieta è equilibrata.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Il dottore dice che la dieta è equilibrata.
    (The doctor says that the diet is balanced.)
  2. So una cosa. Perdi peso con lo sport.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    So che perdi peso facendo sport.
    (I know that you lose weight by doing sports.)
  3. Segui una dieta. La dieta è salutare.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    La dieta che segui è salutare.
    (The diet you follow is healthy.)
  4. Mangi un pasto. Il pasto contiene spinaci.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Il pasto che mangi contiene spinaci.
    (The meal you eat contains spinach.)

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 16/04/2026 05:58