Nursing 21 - Medication and clinical skills
Nursing 21 - Medication and clinical skills

Nursing 21 - Medication and clinical skills - Exercises

Medicación y habilidades clínicas


Exercise 1: Match a word

Instruction: Match each word with its definition.

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El betabloqueante: Un medicamento que reduce la frecuencia cardiaca y baja la presión arterial. (The beta blocker: A medication that reduces heart rate and lowers blood pressure.)
El efecto secundario: Un problema inesperado que puede aparecer después de tomar un fármaco. (The side effect: An unexpected problem that may appear after taking a drug.)
Administrar (una inyección): Dar una inyección al paciente respetando la dosis prescrita. (Administer (an injection): Give an injection to the patient while respecting the prescribed dose.)

Exercise 2: Exam preparation (QR: Audio)

Instruction: Read the text, fill in the gaps with the missing words, and answer the questions below

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Nota interna: medicación, inyección IM y nutrición

Fill in the gaps: adherencia dietética, frecuencia, masa muscular, malnutrición, dosis, betabloqueantes, inyección, presión

(Internal note: medication, IM injection and nutrition)

En la unidad se recuerda que los pueden bajar la arterial y la cardiaca. Antes de administrar la , hay que revisar contraindicaciones y efectos secundarios, sobre todo si el paciente refiere mareo o asma. Si se añade una intramuscular, se elige el sitio según la edad, la y el riesgo de hemorragia, y se mantiene técnica aséptica.

También se pide vigilar signos de : pérdida de peso involuntaria, cansancio y poca ingesta. En pacientes con baja , el objetivo es apoyar sin culpabilizar: acordar cambios pequeños, revisar barrerasy proponer un seguimiento breve para valorar la tolerancia y ajustar el plan.
In the unit, it is reminded that beta blockers can lower blood pressure and heart rate. Before administering the dose, contraindications and side effects must be reviewed, especially if the patient reports dizziness or asthma. If an intramuscular injection is added, the site is chosen according to age, muscle mass, and bleeding risk, and aseptic technique is maintained.

It is also requested to monitor signs of malnutrition: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, and low intake. In patients with low dietary adherence, the goal is to support without blaming: agree on small changes, review barriers (schedules, nausea), and propose a brief follow-up to assess tolerance and adjust the plan.

  1. ¿Qué pasos concretos seguirías para reducir riesgos al administrar un betabloqueante y, si fuera necesario, una inyección intramuscular en un paciente con poca masa muscular?

    (What specific steps would you follow to reduce risks when administering a beta blocker and, if necessary, an intramuscular injection in a patient with low muscle mass?)

Exercise 3: Listening

Instruction: Listen to the audio and answer the questions.

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(On the internal medicine ward they asked me to review an elderly patient who takes a beta-blocker for blood pressure. Today he says he feels dizzy when standing up. I have checked the dose and I can’t find a clear contraindication, but I’m going to mention it to the doctor in case it needs adjusting. Also, I have to administer an IM injection. As he has little muscle mass, I have chosen the ventrogluteal site and I have prepared everything using aseptic technique. I have also detected signs of malnutrition: involuntary weight loss and lack of adherence to the diet. I’m going to support the patient with a simple plan and follow-up.)
True False

(The professional believes that the dizziness may be due to the beta-blocker and wants to consult the doctor before changing the medication.)

(She chose the deltoid as the injection site because it is safer in patients with little muscle mass.)

(In addition to the medication, she has observed signs of malnutrition and plans to support the patient with a plan and follow-up.)

Exercise 4: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

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1. El médico le ___ un betabloqueante porque su presión arterial es alta.

(The doctor ___ a beta-blocker because your blood pressure is high.)

2. Antes de administrar la inyección, la enfermera ___ las manos y prepara el material con técnica aséptica.

(Before administering the injection, the nurse ___ her hands and prepares the equipment using aseptic technique.)

3. Si el paciente tiene poca masa muscular, se ___ usar el vasto lateral como sitio intramuscular.

(If the patient has low muscle mass, it is ___ to use the vastus lateralis as an intramuscular site.)

Exercise 5: Dialogue Cards

Instruction: Practice the conversation with your teacher or fellow students.

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Exercise 6: Discussion questions (QR: AI+)

Instruction: Speaking: translate and respond (QR: AI+)

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Useful expressions:

En mi opinión, lo más importante es… / Primero comprobaría… y después… / Hay que tener en cuenta la dosis y las posibles contraindicaciones.

  1. Un paciente toma un betabloqueante y hoy refiere mareo. ¿Qué harías y qué información básica le darías sobre posibles efectos secundarios o riesgos?
    A patient is taking a beta-blocker and today reports dizziness. What would you do and what basic information would you give them about possible side effects or risks?

    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  2. Tienes que administrar una inyección intramuscular a un adolescente muy delgado. ¿Qué sitio elegirías y qué medidas de seguridad seguirías para evitar complicaciones?
    You have to administer an intramuscular injection to a very thin adolescent. Which site would you choose and what safety measures would you follow to avoid complications?

    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 7: Writing correspondence (QR: AI+)

Instruction: Write a reply to the following message appropriate to the situation

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Asunto: Paciente 3B - medicación y valoración

Hola, Laura:

Para el Sr. Ortega (68) el médico ha iniciado betabloqueante por presión arterial alta. Hoy comentó mareo; vigila posible efecto secundario y comprueba si hay alguna contraindicación en su historia. Además, a las 16:00 tiene una dosis de analgésico IM. Por su baja masa muscular, mejor evitar el deltoides: elige entre ventroglúteo o vasto lateral y aplica técnica aséptica.

He notado pérdida de peso involuntaria y baja adherencia dietética. ¿Puedes valorar signos de malnutrición y hablar con él?

Gracias,
Elena Martín
Supervisora de planta


Subject: Patient 3B - medication and assessment

Hi, Laura:

For Mr. Ortega (68) the doctor has started a beta-blocker for high blood pressure. Today he mentioned dizziness; monitor for a possible side effect and check whether there is any contraindication in his history. In addition, at 16:00 he has an IM dose of analgesic. Because of his low muscle mass, it is better to avoid the deltoid: choose between ventrogluteal or vastus lateralis and use aseptic technique.

I have noticed unintentional weight loss and low dietary adherence. Can you assess signs of malnutrition and talk with him?

Thanks,
Elena Martín
Ward supervisor


Useful phrases:

  1. Según lo que observe hoy, voy a…

    (Based on what I observe today, I’m going to…)

  2. Para la inyección IM, elegiré… porque…

    (For the IM injection, I will choose… because…)

  3. ¿Podrías confirmarme si…?

    (Could you confirm for me whether…?)

Hola Elena:

De acuerdo. Hoy controlaré la tensión y preguntaré por el mareo para valorar si es un efecto secundario del betabloqueante. Revisaré su historia clínica por si existe alguna contraindicación o interacción con otros fármacos.

Para la dosis IM de las 16:00 elegiré el sitio ventroglúteo porque tiene poca masa muscular en el brazo y es una zona más segura. Administraré la inyección con técnica aséptica.

Sobre la pérdida de peso involuntaria, hablaré con el Sr. Ortega para detectar signos de malnutrición y preguntarle qué dificultades tiene con la dieta. Si procede, aviso a nutrición. ¿Quieres que registre su ingesta de hoy y mañana?

Gracias,
Laura

Hi Elena:

Understood. Today I will monitor his blood pressure and ask about the dizziness to assess whether it is a side effect of the beta-blocker. I will review his medical record in case there is any contraindication or interaction with other medications.

For the 16:00 IM dose I will choose the ventrogluteal site because he has little muscle mass in the arm and it is a safer area. I will administer the injection using aseptic technique.

Regarding the unintentional weight loss, I will talk with Mr. Ortega to detect signs of malnutrition and ask what difficulties he has with the diet. If appropriate, I will notify nutrition. Would you like me to record his intake today and tomorrow?

Thanks,
Laura