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Nursing 19 - Mental health and neuropsychology
Nursing 19 - Mental health and neuropsychology
Nursing 19 - Mental health and neuropsychology

Nursing 19 - Mental health and neuropsychology - Exercises

Salud mental y neuropsicología

Exercise 1: Match a word

Instruction: Match each word with its definition.

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Las alucinaciones: Percepciones que no son reales, por ejemplo oír voces cuando no hay nadie. (Hallucinations: Perceptions that are not real, for example hearing voices when there is no one there.)
Las ideas delirantes: Creencias falsas que la persona mantiene a pesar de las explicaciones. (Delusional ideas: False beliefs that the person maintains despite explanations.)
Evaluar el riesgo: Valorar si el paciente puede hacerse daño o hacer daño a otros. (Assess the risk: Evaluate whether the patient may harm themselves or harm others.)

Exercise 2: Exam preparation (QR: Audio)

Instruction: Read the text, fill in the gaps with the missing words, and answer the questions below

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Aviso interno: actuación ante descompensación psicótica en consulta

Fill in the gaps: discapacidad intelectual, recaída, esquizofrenia, ideas delirantes, síndrome de Rett, adherencia al tratamiento, señales de crisis, valorar el riesgo, psicosis, alucinaciones

(Internal notice: action to take in the event of psychotic decompensation during a consultation)

El Servicio de Prevención del centro recuerda que, si una persona atendida muestra -por ejemplo, confusión intensa, pérdida de contacto con la realidad o conducta muy desconfiada-, conviene mantener un tono calmado y evitar discutir sus creencias. Si aparecen o , se recomienda validar la emocióny .

Si hay sospecha de o , se debe avisar al responsable clínico y, si procede, derivar a Salud Mental. En casos de o , es útil apoyarse en el cuidador y revisar el plan de apoyo familiar y la , porque una puede presentarse como irritabilidad, insomnio o descompensación.
The center’s Prevention Service reminds us that if a person being seen shows signs of a crisis—for example, intense confusion, loss of contact with reality, or very suspicious behavior—it is advisable to keep a calm tone and avoid arguing about their beliefs. If hallucinations or delusional ideas appear, it is recommended to validate the emotion (“I can see you are scared”) and assess the risk.

If psychosis or schizophrenia is suspected, the clinical lead should be informed and, if appropriate, the person should be referred to Mental Health. In cases of intellectual disability or Rett syndrome, it is useful to rely on the caregiver and review the family support plan and treatment adherence, because a relapse may present as irritability, insomnia, or decompensation.

  1. ¿Qué pasos concretos recomienda el aviso cuando una persona atendida tiene señales de crisis y qué cosas conviene evitar? Explica también por qué se menciona la adherencia al tratamiento.

    (What concrete steps does the notice recommend when a person being seen shows signs of a crisis, and what things should be avoided? Also explain why treatment adherence is mentioned.)

Exercise 3: Listening

Instruction: Listen to the audio and answer the questions.

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(In this morning’s appointment I saw a man with a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia. He arrived very confused and said he heard voices, so I thought of hallucinations and possible psychosis. He also mentioned delusional ideas related to his neighbors. As signs of crisis, he had stopped sleeping and had missed work. I carried out a crisis intervention, assessed the risk, and notified his sister to activate the family support plan. I reinforced adherence to treatment and referred him to the psychiatrist to adjust the medication and prevent a relapse.)
True False

(The professional interprets that the patient might be losing contact with reality due to symptoms such as hearing voices and showing confusion.)

(They decided not to inform the family because the situation did not seem like a crisis.)

(The goal of the referral to the psychiatrist was to review the medication to reduce the risk of relapse.)

Exercise 4: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

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1. Si el paciente oye voces y se muestra confuso, primero le hablo con calma y luego ___ el riesgo.

(If the patient hears voices and appears confused, first I speak to them calmly and then I ___ the risk.)

2. Ayer, durante la intervención de crisis, el equipo ___ al paciente para evitar que se hiciera daño.

(Yesterday, during the crisis intervention, the team ___ the patient to prevent them from hurting themselves.)

3. Cuando el cliente se descompensa y pierde contacto con la realidad, normalmente lo ___ a un especialista.

(When the client decompensates and loses contact with reality, we normally ___ them to a specialist.)

Exercise 5: Dialogue Cards

Instruction: Practice the conversation with your teacher or fellow students.

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1

Triage en urgencias psiquiátricas

Exercise 6: Discussion questions (QR: AI+)

Instruction: Speaking: translate and respond (QR: AI+)

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Useful expressions:

En mi experiencia, lo más importante es... / Intentaría hablar con calma y decirle que... / Si observo señales de crisis, lo más prudente es...

  1. Si un cliente dice que oye voces o está muy confundido, ¿cómo le hablarías para tranquilizarle y mantener la situación segura?
    If a client says they hear voices or are very confused, how would you talk to them to calm them down and keep the situation safe?

    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  2. ¿Qué señales te harían pensar que una persona con psicosis o esquizofrenia se está descompensando y necesita una intervención rápida o derivación a un especialista?
    What signs would make you think that a person with psychosis or schizophrenia is decompensating and needs rapid intervention or referral to a specialist?

    __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 7: Writing correspondence (QR: AI+)

Instruction: Write a reply to the following message appropriate to the situation

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Show translation

Hola, Marta. Soy Laura (turno de tarde).

Te escribo porque el paciente de la sala 3 se está descompensando. Está muy confuso y dice que oye voces (posibles alucinaciones). Ya son señales de crisis y me preocupa el riesgo de que pierda más el contacto con la realidad. Ahora mismo no está agresivo, pero está inquieto.

¿Podrías venir 30 minutos antes o cambiarme el inicio del turno? También creo que habría que derivarlo al psiquiatra de guardia para evaluar y estabilizar.

Gracias, Laura

Hi, Marta. I’m Laura (afternoon shift).

I’m writing because the patient in room 3 is decompensating. He is very confused and says he hears voices (possible hallucinations). These are already signs of a crisis and I’m worried about the risk that he will lose even more contact with reality. Right now he’s not aggressive, but he’s restless.

Could you come 30 minutes early or swap the start of the shift with me? I also think we should refer him to the on-call psychiatrist to assess and stabilize.

Thanks, Laura

Useful phrases:

  1. Puedo llegar a las..., pero antes necesito saber si...

    (I can arrive at..., but first I need to know if...)

  2. Me parece buena idea derivarlo a..., y mientras tanto podemos...

    (I think it’s a good idea to refer him to..., and in the meantime we can...)

  3. ¿Puedes confirmarme si ya se ha avisado a... y qué síntomas ha mostrado?

    (Can you confirm for me whether... has already been notified and what symptoms he has shown?)

Hola, Laura. Sí, puedo llegar 30 minutos antes (a las 14:30). Gracias por avisar.

Antes de entrar, ¿puedes decirme si las voces son continuas o aparecen de forma intermitente? Si sigue confuso, estoy de acuerdo en derivarlo al psiquiatra de guardia para evaluar el riesgo y ayudar a estabilizarlo. Mientras tanto, intentemos hablarle con calma en un lugar tranquilo y contenerlo si se pone más inquieto.

Cuando llegue, revisamos también si ha tomado la medicación hoy para apoyar la adherencia al tratamiento. Nos vemos pronto.
Hi, Laura. Yes, I can arrive 30 minutes early (at 2:30 p.m.). Thanks for letting me know.

Before I come in, can you tell me whether the voices are continuous or come and go? If he’s still confused, I agree with referring him to the on-call psychiatrist to assess the risk and help stabilize him. In the meantime, let’s try to speak to him calmly in a quiet place and contain him if he becomes more restless.

When I arrive, we’ll also check whether he has taken his medication today to support adherence to treatment. See you soon.