This lesson covers French noun genders, focusing on masculine and feminine forms with examples like "un avocat" / "une avocate" and patterns such as -en/-enne and -er/-ère endings to help you master gender distinctions.
  1. In French, there is no neutral gender.
Règle (Rule)Masculin (Masculine)Féminin (Feminine)
Générale+ -eUn / L' avocat (A / The lawyer)Une / L' avocate (A / The lawyer)
-En-enneUn / Le comédien (A / The actor)Une / La comédienne (A / The actress)
-Er-èreUn / Le boulanger (A / The baker)Une / La boulangère (A / The baker (female))
-Un / Le médecin (A / The doctor)Une / La médecin (A / The female doctor)

Exceptions!

  1. L' is used before a noun starting with a vowel or a silent h, regardless of the gender of the noun.
  2. Some nouns have completely different forms in the masculine and the feminine: un acteur, une actrice.
  3. Some nouns that refer to people do not change; only the article indicates the gender: un/une journaliste.

Exercise 1: Les noms et leur genre

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

camionneur, ouvriers, secrétaire, avocat, professeur, avocate, médecin, boulanger

1. Boulanger/Boulangère :
Un ... prépare du pain tous les jours.
(Un boulanger prépare du pain tous les jours.)
2.
Elle est ... dans une grande entreprise.
(Elle est secrétaire dans une grande entreprise.)
3. Camionneuse/Camionneur:
Le ... conduit un grand camion.
(Le camionneur conduit un grand camion.)
4. Ouvriers/Ouvrières :
J'ai un frère et une sœur qui sont ....
(J'ai un frère et une sœur qui sont ouvriers.)
5. Avocat/Avocate:
Mon père est ....
(Mon père est avocat.)
6. Professeur/Professeure :
Il est ... de français.
(Il est professeur de français.)
7.
Une ... travaille à l'hôpital.
(Une médecin travaille à l'hôpital.)
8. Avocat/Avocate :
Elle est ... dans une entreprise.
(Elle est avocate dans une entreprise.)

Exercise 2: Dialogue completion

Instruction: Complete the dialogue with the correct solution

1. L'avocat ____ dans un tribunal.

( The lawyer ____ in a courthouse.)

2. Elle est une ____ très compétente.

( She is a ____ very competent.)

3. Nous ____ le français à l'université.

( We ____ French at the university.)

4. Le boulanger ____ du pain frais chaque matin.

( The baker ____ fresh bread every morning.)

5. La secrétaire ____ dans un bureau.

( The secretary ____ in an office.)

6. Je suis ____ en médecine.

( I am ____ in medicine.)

Understanding French Nouns and Their Gender

French nouns always have a gender: either masculine or feminine. Unlike English, there is no neutral gender in French. This lesson focuses on how to recognize and form feminine equivalents of masculine nouns, which is essential for proper grammar and communication in French.

General Rules for Gender Formation

Most feminine nouns are formed by adding -e to the masculine form. For example:

  • Un avocat (a male lawyer) becomes Une avocate (a female lawyer).

Common Patterns for Feminine Endings

Some masculine nouns change their endings to form the feminine:

RuleMasculineFeminine
-en becomes -enneUn comédienUne comédienne
-er becomes -èreUn boulangerUne boulangère
No change in spellingUn médecinUne médecin

Special Notes on Articles

The definite article l' is used before nouns starting with a vowel or a mute h, regardless of gender. For example, l'avocat or l'avocate.

Some nouns have completely different masculine and feminine forms such as un acteur (an actor) and une actrice (an actress). Others do not change and only the article shows the gender, for example, un journaliste / une journaliste.

Useful Vocabulary and Expressions

  • Un avocat / Une avocate — Lawyer (male / female)
  • Un comédien / Une comédienne — Actor / Actress
  • Un boulanger / Une boulangère — Baker (male / female)
  • Un médecin / Une médecin — Doctor (unchanged)
  • Un journaliste / Une journaliste — Journalist (article indicates gender)

Differences Between English and French in Noun Gender

In English, nouns generally do not have grammatical gender, and most occupations use the same word for men and women (e.g., doctor, teacher). In contrast, French assigns a gender to every noun and often modifies the noun's ending to indicate feminine forms. English uses gendered pronouns but rarely changes the noun itself.

Some useful French words with their English equivalents:

  • Un avocat / Une avocate — Lawyer (male / female)
  • Un acteur / Une actrice — Actor / Actress
  • Le médecin — The doctor (same form both genders)

Understanding these gender differences will help you use articles and adjectives correctly and speak French more naturally.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Alessia Calcagni

Languages for communication in international enterprises and organizations

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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Last Updated:

Friday, 18/07/2025 03:21