Los adjetivos calificativos describen cualidades como color, tamaño o estado.

(Descriptive adjectives describe qualities such as color, size, or condition.)

Adjectives that express an “approximate” color

Sometimes colors are not pure red, yellow or gray. Spanish uses special adjectives to say “-ish” colors.

  • rojizo → reddish
  • amarillento → yellowish
  • grisáceo → grayish

They work like normal adjectives: they agree in gender and number with the noun.

Singular Plural
una pared rojiza unas paredes rojizas
un tono amarillento unos tonos amarillentos
una nube grisácea unas nubes grisáceas

Self-check:

  • Can you say both una luz rojiza and unos reflejos rojizos? If yes, you are using agreement correctly.

Adjectives for size with a nuance: -ón / -ona, -ajo / -aja

These endings change the “feeling” of size. They are very common in spoken Spanish.

  • -ón / -ona: often “quite big”, sometimes with affection or a bit of exaggeration.
  • -ajo / -aja: often “small” and sometimes with a slightly informal or playful tone.
Base word Adjective Meaning / nuance
grande grandón / grandona rather big, bigger than expected
pequeño / pequeño pequeñajo / pequeñaja quite small, tiny (often a bit informal)

They also agree in gender and number.

Masculine Feminine
un árbol grandón una maceta grandona
unos cactus pequeñajos unas plantas pequeñajas

Self-check:

  • If the noun is feminine plural (for example flores), do you say grandonas / pequeñajas? If yes, you are applying the rule correctly.

“Verb + adjective” to describe temporary states

Spanish often uses verb + adjective to describe how someone arrives, leaves, returns, etc.

  • llegar + adjetivo: how you arrive
  • salir + adjetivo: how you leave
  • volver + adjetivo: how you return

Adjectives agree with the subject (the person), not with anything else.

Subject Form Example
Ana sudorosa Ana llega sudorosa al vivero.
Pedro sudoroso Pedro llega sudoroso del gimnasio.
Ana y Pedro sudorosos Ana y Pedro llegan sudorosos a casa.

Bad model:

  • Ana llega sudoroso.Ana llega sudorosa.

Self-check:

  • Ask: “Who is in that state?” → match the adjective to that person in gender and number.

Adjectives that do not change for masculine and feminine

Some adjectives keep the same form for masculine and feminine. You only add -s for plural.

  • hipócrita → hypocritical
  • homicida → homicidal (can also be a noun: killer)
  • cosmopolita → cosmopolitan
Singular Plural
El cliente es hipócrita. Los clientes son hipócritas.
La clienta es hipócrita. Las clientas son hipócritas.
Madrid es cosmopolita. Algunas capitales son muy cosmopolitas.

Wrong model to avoid:

  • El cliente es hipócritos.
  • La clienta es hipócritaa.

Self-check:

  • For hipócrita, homicida, cosmopolita, only change singular ↔ plural, never masculine ↔ feminine.

Agreement: what must always match?

With all these adjectives, keep one central rule in mind:

  • The adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes.
Noun Correct Avoid
la maceta la maceta grisácea la maceta grisáceo
los arbustos los arbustos grandones los arbustos grandona
unas hojas unas hojas amarillentas unas hojas amarillento

Quick checklist when you speak or write:

  1. Identify the noun: masculine/feminine? singular/plural?
  2. Choose the right adjective type: color nuance, size nuance, opinion, etc.
  3. Adjust the ending of the adjective to match the noun.
  4. For invariable adjectives (hipócrita, homicida, cosmopolita): only add or remove -s for plural.

Try it: can you form the right adjective?

Use this mini self-test to see if you really control the form.

  1. Imagine: You see many very big flowerpots (feminine plural). How do you say it with nuance?
    unas macetas …
    Answer: unas macetas grandonas
  2. You describe two small balconies (masculine plural) with a playful tone.
    unos balcones …
    Answer: unos balcones pequeñajos
  3. You talk about a slightly yellow leaf (feminine singular).
    una hoja …
    Answer: una hoja amarillenta
  4. You describe a very cosmopolitan woman (feminine singular).
    una mujer …
    Answer: una mujer cosmopolita

If you can create these forms without thinking too much, you are ready to use them fluently in conversation.

  1. The adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun.
AdjectivesUseExample
Rojizo, amarillento, grisáceoColor aproximativos (Approximate colors)La maceta tiene un tono grisáceo. (The pot has a grayish tone.)
Verbo + adjetivoDescribir cómo está alguien (Describe how someone is/feels)Ana llega sudorosa al vivero. (Ana arrives sweaty at the garden center.)
Grandón / grandona, pequeñajo / pequeñaja Tamaño (Size)Compramos un arbusto grandón. (We bought a big-ish shrub.)
Hipócrita, homicida, cosmopolitaInvariable en masculino y femenino (Invariable in masculine and feminine)El cliente es hipócrita. (The client is hypocritical.)

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Si quieres un ramo elegante para la oficina, yo mezclaría flores blancas con un follaje verde ____ para que no resulte demasiado llamativo.

If you want an elegant bouquet for the office, I would mix white flowers with gray-green ____ so it won't be too flashy.)

2. Busco una maceta para interior, pero el espacio es tan pequeño que solo puedo poner un cactus ____ en la esquina de la ventana.

I'm looking for an indoor pot, but the space is so small that I can only put a ____ cactus on the window corner.)

3. Para ese jardín tan grande quedaría mejor un arbusto ____ cerca de la entrada y varias plantas trepadoras alrededor de la valla.

For that very large garden, a ____ shrub near the entrance and several climbing plants along the fence would work best.)

4. La clienta es bastante ____ y quiere un centro de flores exóticas, pero el jefe dice que es un poco hipócrita porque siempre acaba comprando las mismas rosas rojas.

The client is quite ____ and wants a centerpiece of exotic flowers, but the boss says she's a bit hypocritical because she always ends up buying the same red roses.)

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences using the derived adjective or the correct form of the indicated adjective (reddish, yellowish, greyish, sweaty, lanky/big-ish, little/tyke-like, hypocritical, homicidal, cosmopolitan) and adjust agreement in gender and number where necessary.

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Hint Hint (rojizo / grisáceo) Las hojas tienen un color rojo y un poco gris.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Las hojas tienen un tono rojizo y un toque grisáceo.
    (The leaves have a reddish tone and a slightly grayish touch.)
  2. Hint Hint (grandón / pequeñajo) El cactus es grande, pero mi balcón es pequeño.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    El cactus es grandón, pero mi balcón es pequeñajo.
    (The cactus is oversized, but my balcony is tiny.)
  3. Hint Hint (sudorosa) Llego al vivero y estoy llena de sudor por el calor.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Llego al vivero sudorosa por el calor.
    (I arrive at the nursery sweaty from the heat.)
  4. Hint Hint (amarillento) Las flores tienen un color amarillo, pero no es un amarillo muy fuerte.
    ⇒ _______________________________________________ Example
    Las flores tienen un color amarillento.
    (The flowers have a yellowish color.)

Exercise 3: Grammar in action

Instruction: Discuss which plants and flowers to choose for the terrace and justify your choices.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
En una floristería, organizáis el diseño vegetal de la terraza de un restaurante.
(At a florist's, you (plural) are planning the plant layout for a restaurant terrace.)

Discuss
  • Describid qué ambiente queréis lograr y qué colores predominan en la terraza. (Describe the atmosphere you want to create and which colors will dominate the terrace.)
  • Elegid plantas y flores concretas y describid su aspecto: color, tamaño y estado. (Select specific plants and flowers and describe their appearance: color, size and condition.)

Useful words and phrases
  • planta trepadora rojiza (reddish climbing plant)
  • maceta grandona (oversized flowerpot)
  • ramillete de flores exóticas amarillentas (bouquet of yellowish exotic flowers)

Use in conversation
  • Adjetivos de color aproximativos (rojizo, amarillento, grisáceo) (Approximate color adjectives (reddish, yellowish, grayish))
  • Adjetivos de tamaño con matiz (grandón/grandona, pequeñajo/pequeñaja) (Size adjectives with nuance (very large/huge, small/little))

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Alessia Amoroso

Master of Languages, Cultures, Communication

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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Last Updated:

Thursday, 05/03/2026 16:42