Causal subordinate clauses: porque, debido a que, ya que...

Subordinadas causales: porque, debido a que, ya que...


Las oraciones causales explican el motivo o la razón de una acción.

(Causal clauses explain the motive or reason for an action.)

What these connectors do (cause → result)

These are causal connectors: they introduce the reason for an action, decision, or situation.

  • Main idea (result) + connector + cause
  • Or: connector + cause, + main idea (result) (only with some connectors)

Indicative is the default (and the key point)

With these causal clauses, the cause is presented as a fact. That is why the verb goes in the indicative.

Correct (indicative) Suspendieron el rodaje porque hubo un fallo técnico.
Common mistake Suspendieron el rodaje porque hubiera un fallo técnico.
  • Think: “I’m explaining a real reason, not a hypothesis.”
  • If you catch yourself using subjunctive after porque / ya que / puesto que, double-check: it’s usually wrong in this structure.

Position: which ones can start the sentence?

Some connectors are more flexible in position.

Often at the beginning ya que, puesto que
Usually after the main idea porque, debido a que, en razón de que, por culpa de
  • Ya que / Puesto que often sound like “given that / since” and work well as a setup.
  • Porque is the neutral, most common option and typically follows the main idea.

Meaning and register: choose the tone you need

All express cause, but the tone changes.

porque Neutral, everyday. Best default.
ya que / puesto que “Since / given that”. Often implies the cause is already known or obvious.
debido a que More formal. Common in professional contexts.
en razón de que Very formal / administrative or legal tone.
por culpa de Blame: the cause is negative and someone/something is responsible.

“Por culpa de” vs “(debido a)”: blame vs neutral cause

  • debido a que = neutral explanation (no judgment)
  • por culpa de = you highlight responsibility/blame
Neutral Se retrasó el rodaje debido a que falló el sistema de iluminación.
Blame Se retrasó el rodaje por culpa del proveedor externo.

Form note: por culpa de is normally followed by a noun (or del / de la).

  • por culpa del retraso
  • por culpa de la mala planificación
  • Not typical: por culpa de que + verb (avoid it in B2 production)

Quick self-check before you speak or write

  1. Am I giving a factual reason? → use indicative.
  2. Do I want neutral vs blaming tone?
    • Neutral: porque, ya que, puesto que, debido a que, en razón de que
    • Blame: por culpa de
  3. Do I want to start with the reason? → prefer ya que / puesto que.
  4. If I used “por culpa de”: did I follow it with a noun?

Model sentences you can reuse (professional contexts)

  • Se pospuso la entrega porque el proveedor no confirmó los plazos.
  • Ya que el informe está listo, podemos enviarlo hoy.
  • Se canceló la reunión debido a que surgió un conflicto de agenda.
  • Se rescindió el contrato en razón de que la empresa no cumplía las condiciones.
  • El proyecto se encareció por culpa de cambios de alcance de última hora.
  1. The verb is always in the indicative.
  2. Ya que and puesto que can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
  3. Porque, debido a que, en razón de que, por culpa de usually go after the main idea.
ConectorEjemplo
PorqueEl director repitió la escena porque la interpretación no lo convencía. (The director repeated the scene because the performance didn’t convince him.)
Ya queYa que el estreno es hoy, el productor convocó a la prensa. (Since the premiere is today, the producer called the press.)
Puesto quePuesto que faltaban actores, cancelaron el rodaje. (Since actors were missing, they cancelled the shoot.)
Debido a queSuspendieron la función debido a que hubo un fallo técnico. (They suspended the performance because there was a technical fault.)
En razón de queCancelaron el contrato en razón de que no cumplía las normas. (They cancelled the contract because it didn’t meet the standards.)
Por culpa dePerdieron dinero por culpa del retraso técnico. (They lost money because of the technical delay.)

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. El productor decidió retrasar el estreno ____ aún no habían terminado los efectos especiales.

The producer decided to delay the premiere ____ they still hadn't finished the special effects.

2. ____ el guionista no entregó la última versión del guion a tiempo, tuvieron que reescribir varias secuencias durante el rodaje.

____ the screenwriter didn't deliver the final version of the script on time, they had to rewrite several sequences during filming.

3. Cancelaron la rueda de prensa ____ el actor principal se quedó sin voz horas antes.

They canceled the press conference ____ the lead actor lost their voice hours before.

4. El plano general quedó desenfocado ____ cambio brusco de luz en el set.

The wide shot ended up out of focus ____ sudden change of light on set.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Combine the two sentences into one using the indicated causal connector (verb in the indicative) and keep its typical position. Example: (since) It was raining. We stayed at home. → Since it was raining, we stayed at home.

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  1. Hint Hint (porque) El director pidió otra toma. La interpretación no lo convencía.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    El director pidió otra toma porque la interpretación no lo convencía.
    (The director asked for another take because the performance didn’t convince him.)
  2. Hint Hint (ya que) El estreno es esta noche. El productor convocó a la prensa.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Ya que el estreno es esta noche, el productor convocó a la prensa.
    (Since the premiere is tonight, the producer summoned the press.)
  3. Hint Hint (puesto que) Faltaban actores para el rodaje. Decidieron cancelar la jornada.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Puesto que faltaban actores para el rodaje, decidieron cancelar la jornada.
    (Since there weren’t enough actors for the shoot, they decided to cancel the day.)
  4. Hint Hint (debido a que) Hubo un fallo técnico con el sonido. Suspendieron la función.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Suspendieron la función debido a que hubo un fallo técnico con el sonido.
    (They suspended the performance because there was a technical problem with the sound.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence with a causal subordinate clause in the indicative.

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1.
Incorrect: with "because" the cause must be in the indicative; here "hubo" should be used instead of "hubiera".
2.
Incorrect: with "since" the causal clause needs the indicative; "esté" (subjunctive) is a common mistake.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Alessia Amoroso

Master of Languages, Cultures, Communication

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia

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Last Updated:

Saturday, 23/05/2026 15:22