Las oraciones causales explican el motivo o la razón de una acción.
(Causal clauses explain the motive or reason for an action.)
- The verb is always in the indicative.
- Ya que and puesto que can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
- Porque, debido a que, en razón de que, por culpa de usually go after the main idea.
| Conector | Ejemplo |
| Porque | El director repitió la escena porque la interpretación no lo convencía. (The director repeated the scene because the performance didn’t convince him.) |
| Ya que | Ya que el estreno es hoy, el productor convocó a la prensa. (Since the premiere is today, the producer called the press.) |
| Puesto que | Puesto que faltaban actores, cancelaron el rodaje. (Since actors were missing, they cancelled the shoot.) |
| Debido a que | Suspendieron la función debido a que hubo un fallo técnico. (They suspended the performance because there was a technical fault.) |
| En razón de que | Cancelaron el contrato en razón de que no cumplía las normas. (They cancelled the contract because it didn’t meet the standards.) |
| Por culpa de | Perdieron dinero por culpa del retraso técnico. (They lost money because of the technical delay.) |
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
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1. El productor decidió retrasar el estreno ____ aún no habían terminado los efectos especiales.
The producer decided to delay the premiere ____ they still hadn't finished the special effects.2. ____ el guionista no entregó la última versión del guion a tiempo, tuvieron que reescribir varias secuencias durante el rodaje.
____ the screenwriter didn't deliver the final version of the script on time, they had to rewrite several sequences during filming.3. Cancelaron la rueda de prensa ____ el actor principal se quedó sin voz horas antes.
They canceled the press conference ____ the lead actor lost their voice hours before.4. El plano general quedó desenfocado ____ cambio brusco de luz en el set.
The wide shot ended up out of focus ____ sudden change of light on set.Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Combine the two sentences into one using the indicated causal connector (verb in the indicative) and keep its typical position. Example: (since) It was raining. We stayed at home. → Since it was raining, we stayed at home.
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleEl director pidió otra toma porque la interpretación no lo convencía.(The director asked for another take because the performance didn’t convince him.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleYa que el estreno es esta noche, el productor convocó a la prensa.(Since the premiere is tonight, the producer summoned the press.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExamplePuesto que faltaban actores para el rodaje, decidieron cancelar la jornada.(Since there weren’t enough actors for the shoot, they decided to cancel the day.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleSuspendieron la función debido a que hubo un fallo técnico con el sonido.(They suspended the performance because there was a technical problem with the sound.)
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct sentence with a causal subordinate clause in the indicative.
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