El pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo se usa cuando una acción pasó antes que otra en el pasado.
(The past perfect subjunctive is used when one action happened before another action in the past.)
- With another past action ⇒ El juez dudaba que el fiscal hubiera mentido
- Unreal condition in the past ⇒ Si el jurado hubiera escuchado más pruebas, la sentencia sería diferente
- Opinion or evaluation about a past event ⇒ Era injusto que el tribunal hubiese tomado esa decisión
| Verbs ending in -ar | Verbs ending in -er | Verbs ending in -ir |
| Yo hubiera / hubiese aprobado (I had passed) | Yo hubiera / hubiese obedecido (I had obeyed) | Yo hubiera / hubiese emitido (I had issued) |
| Tú hubieras / hubieses aprobado (You had passed) | Tú hubieras / hubieses obedecido (You had obeyed) | Tú hubieras / hubieses emitido (You had issued) |
| Él/Ella/Usted hubiera / hubiese aprobado (He/She/You had passed) | Él/Ella/Usted hubiera / hubiese obedecido (He/She/You had obeyed) | Él/Ella/Usted hubiera / hubiese emitido (He/She/You had issued) |
| Nosotros/as hubiéramos / hubiésemos aprobado (We had passed) | Nosotros/as hubiéramos / hubiésemos obedecido (We had obeyed) | Nosotros/as hubiéramos / hubiésemos emitido (We had issued) |
| Vosotros/as hubierais / hubieseis aprobado (You had passed) | Vosotros/as hubierais / hubieseis obedecido (You had obeyed) | Vosotros/as hubierais / hubieseis emitido (You had issued) |
| Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hubieran / hubiesen aprobado (They/You had passed) | Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hubieran / hubiesen obedecido (They/You had obeyed) | Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hubieran / hubiesen emitido (They/You had issued) |
Exceptions!
- In spoken language, hubiera is more frequent than hubiese
- Common irregular past participles ⇒ hecho, dicho, escrito, visto, puesto, abierto, roto...
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
1. La jueza dudaba que el fiscal _____ presentado todas las pruebas a tiempo.
The judge doubted that the prosecutor _____ submitted all the evidence on time.)2. Si el jurado popular _____ escuchado al perito, quizá la sentencia habría sido menos polémica.
If the jury _____ listened to the expert witness, perhaps the verdict would have been less controversial.)3. Era injusto que el Tribunal Supremo _____ confirmado la condena sin motivar bien la decisión.
It was unfair that the Supreme Court _____ upheld the conviction without properly explaining the decision.)4. Me sorprendió que el abogado defensor _____ eso delante del tribunal.
I was surprised that the defense attorney _____ that in front of the court.)Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Rewrite the sentences using the past perfect subjunctive according to the indication in parentheses (for example: If I had had time, I would have gone to the trial).
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⇒ _______________________________________________ ExampleEl juez dudaba que el fiscal hubiera mentido.(The judge doubted that the prosecutor had lied.)
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⇒ _______________________________________________ ExampleSi el jurado hubiera escuchado todas las pruebas, la sentencia sería diferente.(If the jury had heard all the evidence, the verdict would be different.)
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⇒ _______________________________________________ ExampleEra injusto que el tribunal hubiera tomado esa decisión.(It was unfair that the court had made that decision.)
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⇒ _______________________________________________ ExampleEl abogado estaba seguro de que el testigo hubiera dicho la verdad.(The lawyer was sure that the witness had told the truth.)
Exercise 3: Grammar in action
Instruction: Discuss and consider what would have happened if the court had decided differently.
- ¿Qué habría cambiado en la sociedad si el Tribunal Supremo no hubiera aprobado esa ley? (What would have changed in society if the Supreme Court had not upheld that law?)
- Si el jurado popular hubiera escuchado otras pruebas, ¿cómo habría variado la sentencia? Explica por qué lo considerarías justo o injusto. ¿Qué habría ocurrido si el fiscal no hubiera emitido esa acusación y el abogado defensor hubiera presentado más pruebas? ¿Te habría parecido mejor que los diputados hubieran reformado antes esa ley? ¿Por qué? (If the jury had heard different evidence, how might the verdict have changed? Explain why you would consider it fair or unfair.)
- El Tribunal Constitucional emitió la sentencia (The Constitutional Court issued the ruling)
- el jurado popular (the jury)
- el fiscal / el abogado defensor (the prosecutor / the defense attorney)
- Si el tribunal hubiera/no hubiera + participio (If the court had / had not + past participle)
- Dudaba que el jurado hubiera + participio (I doubted that the jury had + past participle)
- Era injusto que el fiscal hubiera + participio (It was unfair that the prosecutor had + past participle)