Qualifying adjectives

Aggettivi qualificativi


Gli aggettivi qualificativi descrivono qualità o caratteristiche del soggetto.

(Qualifying adjectives describe qualities or characteristics of the subject.)

What “agreement” means (the key idea)

In Italian, the adjective must match the noun it describes in:

  • gender: masculine / feminine
  • number: singular / plural

So you don’t choose the adjective form by meaning (“good”, “big”) but by the noun’s form (il/lo/un… or la/una…; singular/plural).

Step-by-step: choose the correct adjective form

  1. Identify the noun (the thing): pomodoro, torta, pezzo, spezia…
  2. Check gender: usually ends in -o = masculine, -a = feminine
  3. Check number: singular or plural (pomodoro vs pomodori)
  4. Apply the adjective pattern (see table below)

The most useful patterns (A1)

Adjective type Masculine Feminine Plural
-o / -a adjectives buono, piccolo, fresco buona, piccola, fresca buoni/buone, piccoli/piccole, freschi/fresche
-e adjectives grande, dolce, facile grande, dolce, facile grandi, dolci, facili

Practical shortcut: if the adjective ends in -e, it stays the same in masculine/feminine singular. Only the plural changes to -i.

Word order: where the adjective goes

  • Default position: noun + adjective
  • Examples: un pomodoro grande, una torta buona, un esercizio facile

This is the safest choice for A1: put the adjective after the noun unless you learn a common fixed expression.

Common exception: “buono” before the noun (buon)

Some frequent adjectives can also come before the noun. In this unit you see:

  • buono → becomes buon before a masculine singular noun starting with most consonants
After the noun Before the noun (common)
un caffè buono un buon caffè

Self-check: if you place it before the noun, don’t keep the final -o in this pattern: un buono caffèun buon caffè.

Fast self-check: can you “see” the match?

  • la torta (feminine singular) → torta buona
  • il pomodoro (masculine singular) → pomodoro grande
  • i pomodori (masculine plural) → pomodori grandi
  • le cipolle (feminine plural) → cipolle fresche

Two typical traps (and how to avoid them)

  • Trap 1: copying the noun ending automatically
    • grande does not become granda. It stays grande in singular.
  • Trap 2: spelling changes in the plural
    • frescofreschi (not fresci)
    • frescafresche (not fresce)

What you should be able to do now

  • Choose the adjective ending that matches the noun (gender + number).
  • Use the default order noun + adjective confidently.
  • Recognize the very common pre-noun form buon in expressions like un buon caffè.
  1. The adjective agrees with the subject in gender and number.
  2. The usual position of the adjective is after the noun.
Aggettivo (Adjective)Maschile (Masculine)Femminile (Feminine)
BuonoUn piatto buono (A good dish)Una torta buona (A good cake)
GrandeUn pomodoro grande (A large tomato)Una cipolla grande (A large onion)
PiccoloUn pezzo piccolo (A small piece)Una panna piccola (A small cream)
DolceUn burro dolce (A sweet butter)Una crema dolce (A sweet cream)
FacileUn esercizio facile (An easy exercise)Una ricetta facile (An easy recipe)
FrescoUn ingrediente fresco (A fresh ingredient)Una spezia fresca (A fresh spice)

Exceptions!

  1. Some common adjectives can also come before the subject: 'il buon caffè'.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Per questa ricetta uso un burro ___ e una panna fresca.

For this recipe I use ___ butter and fresh cream.

2. Metto una cipolla ___ e due spicchi di aglio piccolo nella padella.

I put a ___ onion and two small cloves of garlic in the pan.

3. È una ricetta ___ e un piatto dolce, fatto in casa.

It is an ___ recipe and a sweet dish, homemade.

4. Oggi preparo un buon caffè e un dolce ___ ma molto buono.

Today I prepare a good coffee and a ___ dessert but very good.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences by inserting the adjective in parentheses with the correct form (masculine/feminine and singular/plural).

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Il piatto è molto. (buono)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Il piatto è molto buono.
    (The dish is very good.)
  2. La torta è. (dolce)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    La torta è dolce.
    (The cake is sweet.)
  3. I pomodori sono. (grande)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    I pomodori sono grandi.
    (The tomatoes are big.)
  4. Le cipolle sono. (fresco)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le cipolle sono fresche.
    (The onions are fresh.)
  5. L'esercizio di cucina è. (facile)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    L'esercizio di cucina è facile.
    (The cooking exercise is easy.)
  6. Le ricette sono. (piccolo)
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le ricette sono piccole.
    (The recipes are small.)

Exercise 3: Grammar in action

Instruction: Describe together a menu and choose a recipe, sweet or savoury.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
Con un collega italiano organizzate una cena fatta in casa e decidete il menù.
(With an Italian colleague you organize a homemade dinner and decide the menu.)

Discuss
  • Quale ricetta facile proponi per la cena? Descrivila con gli ingredienti. (Which easy recipe do you suggest for dinner? Describe it with the ingredients.)
  • Gli ingredienti sono freschi e buoni? Spiega perché li scegli così. (Are the ingredients fresh and good? Explain why you choose them like that.)

Useful words and phrases
  • una ricetta facile e buona (an easy and good recipe)
  • ingredienti freschi: la cipolla, l’aglio, il burro (fresh ingredients: the onion, the garlic, the butter)
  • la panna, lo zucchero, il sale (the cream, the sugar, the salt)

Use in conversation
  • un/una + nome + aggettivo dopo il nome (un/una + noun + adjective after the noun)
  • il/il buon + nome (aggettivo prima del nome) (il/il buon + noun (adjective before the noun))

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

Profile Picture

Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

University_Logo

Last Updated:

Thursday, 16/04/2026 22:50