Learn the Italian modal verbs 'potere' (to be able), 'dovere' (to have to), and 'volere' (to want) to express ability, obligation, and desire, with key forms like 'Io posso', 'Tu devi', and 'Lui vuole'.
  1. Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive.
Potere (To be able to)Volere (To want)Dovere (To have to)
Io posso (I can)Io voglio (I want)Io devo (I must)
Tu puoi (You can)Tu vuoi (You want)Tu devi (You must)
Lui/ Lei può (He/ She can)Lui/ Lei vuole (He/ She wants)Lui/ Lei deve (He/ She must)
Noi possiamo (We can)Noi vogliamo (We want)Noi dobbiamo (We must)
Voi potete (You can)Voi volete (You want)Voi dovete (You have to)
Loro possono (They can)Loro vogliono (They want)Loro devono (They have to)

Exercise 1: I verbi modali: 'Potere', 'Dovere', 'Volere'

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

vuole, voglio, possiamo, vuoi, dovete, dobbiamo, può, posso

1. Volere:
Io ... quella camicia in vetrina.
(I want that shirt in the shop window.)
2. Dovere:
Voi ... pagare alla cassa.
(You have to pay at the till.)
3. Potere:
Lui ... provare la maglietta rossa.
(He can try on the red T-shirt.)
4. Potere:
Io ... provare la giacca blu.
(I can try the blue jacket.)
5. Potere:
Noi ... chiedere la nostra taglia.
(We can ask for our size.)
6. Volere:
Lei ... comprare un cappotto.
(She wants to buy a coat.)
7. Dovere:
Noi ... andare al negozio adesso.
(We have to go to the shop now.)
8. Volere:
Tu ... la gonna di un'altra taglia?
(Do you want the skirt in a different size?)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct solution

1. ___ provare quella giacca?

(___ try on that jacket?)

2. ___ scegliere la taglia giusta per la camicia.

(___ choose the right size for the shirt.)

3. ___ questo vestito rosso?

(___ this red dress?)

4. Non ___ entrare senza la mascherina.

(I can’t ___ enter without the mask.)

5. ___ pagare alla cassa prima di uscire.

(___ pay at the cashier before leaving.)

6. ___ una giacca di taglia media.

(___ a medium-sized jacket.)

Modal Verbs in Italian: Potere, Dovere, and Volere

This lesson introduces you to the essential Italian modal verbs potere (can/to be able to), dovere (must/to have to), and volere (to want). These verbs express ability, obligation, and desire, fundamental notions for everyday communication in Italian.

Conjugation Overview

The three modal verbs are conjugated differently according to the subject. Here are some key examples:

  • Potere: Io posso, Tu puoi, Lui/Lei può, Noi possiamo, Voi potete, Loro possono
  • Volere: Io voglio, Tu vuoi, Lui/Lei vuole, Noi vogliamo, Voi volete, Loro vogliono
  • Dovere: Io devo, Tu devi, Lui/Lei deve, Noi dobbiamo, Voi dovete, Loro devono

Usage and Structure

Modal verbs in Italian are always followed by an infinitive verb, which completes their meaning. For example:

  • Posso provare quella giacca? (Can I try on that jacket?)
  • Devo scegliere la taglia giusta per la camicia. (I must choose the right size for the shirt.)
  • Vuoi questo vestito rosso? (Do you want this red dress?)

These verbs are essential for expressing polite requests, obligations, and preferences.

Key Expressions to Remember

  • Potere: expressing ability or permission (can, may)
  • Dovere: expressing necessity or obligation (must, have to)
  • Volere: expressing desire or intention (want)

Differences Between English and Italian Modal Verbs

Unlike English, Italian modal verbs are often combined with a full infinitive verb without auxiliary verbs. For example, while in English you say "I want to eat," in Italian you say Io voglio mangiare directly, without any additional auxiliary words.

Moreover, Italian modal verbs change their form for each subject pronoun, which is mandatory to indicate the subject clearly, unlike English where modal verbs are mostly unchanged except in the third-person singular.

Useful Related Phrases

  • Posso entrare? — Can I come in?
  • Devo andare adesso. — I have to go now.
  • Voglio imparare l’italiano. — I want to learn Italian.

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Fabio Pirioni

Bachelor in Humanities

University of Udine

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Last Updated:

Friday, 18/07/2025 05:04