Time expressions: hier becomes la veille

Les expressions de temps : hier devient la veille


Au discours indirect au passé, les repères de temps changent : demain, le lendemain, hier, la veille.

(In past reported speech, time markers change: demain, le lendemain, hier, la veille.)

When do time words change in reported speech?

Time expressions change only if the reporting verb is in the past (e.g. il a dit, elle a expliqué, il m’a annoncé).

  • Present reporting → often no change: Il dit : « Aujourd’hui… »Il dit qu’aujourd’hui…
  • Past reporting → shift the time marker: Il a dit : « Aujourd’hui… »Il a dit que ce jour-là

The key idea: change the “reference point”

In direct speech, words like aujourd’hui / hier / demain are anchored to the speaker’s now.

In indirect speech with a past reporting verb, they must be anchored to the moment of reporting (the past).

  1. Find the reporting verb: is it in the past?
  2. Ask: relative to that moment, is the event same day, previous day, or next day?
  3. Choose the indirect-speech time expression.

Quick map (direct → indirect with a past reporting verb)

Direct speech Reported speech (verb in the past) Meaning
aujourd’hui ce jour-là same day (but in the past)
en ce moment à ce moment-là at that time
hier / avant-hier la veille / l’avant-veille the day before / two days before
demain / après-demain le lendemain / le surlendemain the next day / two days later
le mois prochain le mois suivant the following month
l’année dernière l’année précédente the previous year
il y a deux semaines deux semaines plus tôt two weeks earlier
dans huit jours huit jours plus tard eight days later

Mini-examples (watch the time shift)

  • Direct: Elle a dit : « Je pars demain. »

    Indirect: Elle a dit qu’elle partait le lendemain. (demain)

  • Direct: Il a expliqué : « J’ai signé hier. »

    Indirect: Il a expliqué qu’il avait signé la veille. (hier)

  • Direct: La directrice a annoncé : « Nous lançons le programme le mois prochain. »

    Indirect: La directrice a annoncé qu’ils lançaient le programme le mois suivant.

Important exception: when there is still a link to “now”

If the time expression still matches the speaker’s present reality, French may keep it unchanged.

  • Context: I’m reporting something that is still true today.

    Example: Ce matin, Paul m’a appelé. Il a dit qu’il était très occupé ce matin.

    (Because it’s still the same morning.)

  • But later: (I tell you tomorrow)

    Paul a dit qu’il était très occupé ce matin-là.

Self-check: choose the right time marker

  1. Is the introducing verb in the past? Yes → time markers usually shift.

  2. Is the situation still linked to the present moment? Yes → time marker may stay the same.

  3. If not, convert by logic: yesterday → the day before, tomorrow → the next day, next month → the following month.

  1. Expressions change when moving from direct speech to reported speech if the verb introducing the reported speech is in the past.
Discours direct (Direct speech)Discours indirect (Reported speech)
Aujourd'hui (Today)Ce jour-là (That day)
Ce matin / ce soir / cette année (This morning / this evening / this year)Ce matin-là / ce soir-là / cette année-là (That morning / that evening / that year)
En ce moment (At the moment)A ce moment-là (At that moment)
Hier / Avant-hier (Yesterday / the day before yesterday)La veille / L'avant-veille (The day before / two days before)
Demain / Après-demain (Tomorrow / the day after tomorrow)Le lendemain / Le surlendemain (The next day / two days later)
Le mois prochain (Next month)Le mois suivant (The following month)
L'année dernière (Last year)L'année précédente (The previous year)
Il y a deux semaines (Two weeks ago)Deux semaines plus tôt (Two weeks earlier)
Dans huit jours (In eight days)Huit jours plus tard (Eight days later)

Exceptions!

  1. Time expressions do not change when moving from direct speech to reported speech if there is a link to the present.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. Elle a expliqué que ___, il avait craqué sur des pâtisseries en rentrant du travail.

She explained that ___, he had given in to pastries on his way home from work.

2. Le responsable a précisé que ___, la cantine proposerait un menu végétarien plus riche en fibres.

The manager specified that ___, the cafeteria would offer a vegetarian menu richer in fiber.

3. Il m'a dit que ___, il réduisait les glucides parce qu'il se sentait souvent nauséeux après le déjeuner.

He told me that ___, he was cutting down on carbohydrates because he often felt nauseous after lunch.

4. Elle a annoncé que ___, elle ferait un bilan nutritionnel pour ajuster son régime équilibré.

She announced that ___, she would do a nutritional assessment to adjust her balanced diet.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Put these sentences into reported speech with a reporting verb in the past tense; adapt time references (for example “demain” → “le lendemain”).

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Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Le coach m’a dit : « Je te rappellerai demain pour fixer l’horaire. »
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le coach m’a dit qu’il me rappellerait le lendemain pour fixer l’horaire.
    (The coach told me that he would call me back the next day to set the schedule.)
  2. La diététicienne a expliqué : « Aujourd’hui, je vous envoie le plan alimentaire par e-mail. »
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    La diététicienne a expliqué que ce jour-là elle nous envoyait le plan alimentaire par e-mail.
    (The dietitian explained that that day she was sending us the meal plan by email.)
  3. Il a précisé : « Hier, j’ai déjà lu les étiquettes au supermarché. »
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Il a précisé que la veille il avait déjà lu les étiquettes au supermarché.
    (He specified that the day before he had already read the labels at the supermarket.)
  4. La responsable RH a annoncé : « Le mois prochain, nous lancerons un programme bien-être pour l’équipe. »
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    La responsable RH a annoncé que le mois suivant ils lanceraient un programme bien-être pour l’équipe.
    (The HR manager announced that the following month they would launch a wellness program for the team.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the past indirect speech.

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1.
Error: the reporting verb is in the past, so “yesterday” must become “the day before” in indirect speech.
2.
Error: the reporting verb is in the past; you must replace “yesterday” with “the day before” in indirect speech.

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Marco De Faria

Master in Foreign Languages

University of Poitiers

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France


Last Updated:

Tuesday, 14/07/2026 20:25