See, hear, make, let + infinitive

Voir, entendre, faire, laisser + infinitif


La proposition infinitive permet d’exprimer une action que l’on observe ou que l’on provoque avec voir, entendre, laisser, faire + nom + infinitif.

(The infinitive clause makes it possible to express an action that one observes or causes with voir, entendre, laisser, faire + noun + infinitive.)

What this structure is (and why French uses it)

French often compresses two ideas into one sentence:

  • I perceive / cause / allow something
  • + someone/something does an action

This is called a proposition infinitive (infinitive clause):

Verb + noun/pronoun + infinitive

The core pattern you should produce

Pattern Example
voir / entendre / regarder + person/thing + infinitive J’entends les vagues s’écraser.
laisser + person + infinitive Il laisse les débutants surfer.
faire + person + infinitive Le moniteur fait les élèves ramer.
envoyer / emmener + person + infinitive Elle envoie les sauveteurs vérifier la zone.

Word order: the one thing to watch closely

The object (person/thing) sits between the main verb and the infinitive.

  • Correct: Le moniteur fait les élèves ramer.
  • Wrong: Le moniteur fait ramer les élèves. (Possible in modern French, but many courses/tests expect the “faire + noun + infinitive” order; follow your book.)

For perception verbs, the same logic:

  • Correct: J’ai vu un débutant retirer son gilet.
  • Wrong: J’ai vu retirer un débutant son gilet.

No preposition: don’t add à / de

In this structure, French normally uses no preposition before the infinitive.

  • Correct: J’entends les débutants respecter les consignes.
  • Wrong: J’entends les débutants à respecter les consignes.

This is a very common English reflex (“to + verb”). In French here: zero.

How to choose between “infinitive clause” and a normal infinitive

Ask one question:

Who is doing the action of the infinitive?

  • If it is someone/something else (explicit object) → proposition infinitive.
  • If it is the same subject as the main verb → it’s just an infinitive complement (not the grammar point here).
Type Example Who does the action?
Infinitive clause Je vois Paul entrer. Paul enters
Infinitive complement Tu aimerais aller au Brésil. Tu goes

Pronouns: where to put le / la / les / lui / leur

If the “person/thing” is a pronoun, it goes before the main verb.

  • Je les entends arriver. (I hear them arrive.)
  • Le moniteur leur fait signer la feuille. (He makes them sign.)

Self-check: if you can replace the noun with le/la/les/lui/leur, place it before the first verb.

Reflexive verbs: keep “se” with the infinitive

When the infinitive is reflexive, you keep se (or s’):

  • J’entends quelqu’un se plaindre.
  • Nous voyons la mer s’agiter.

In many cases, the “se” refers to the person/thing you just mentioned.

Fast self-check before you submit an answer

  1. Did I use one of the triggering verbs? voir / entendre / regarder / faire / laisser / envoyer / emmener
  2. Did I include the person/thing right after it?
  3. Did I use an infinitive (not past, not conjugated)?
  4. Did I avoid adding à or de?
  5. If I used a pronoun (les / lui / leur…), did I place it before the main verb?
  1. The infinitive clause is used after verbs of perception and the verbs laisser, faire, envoyer et emmener."
Verbe (Verb)Exemple (Example)
VoirNous voyons la houle monter. (We see the swell rising.)
EntendreJ’entends les vagues s’écraser. (I hear the waves crashing.)
RegarderIls regardent le courant emporter la planche. (They watch the current carry away the board.)
FaireLe moniteur fait ramer les élèves. (The instructor makes the students paddle.)
LaisserIl laisse les débutants surfer. (He lets the beginners surf.)
EnvoyerElle envoie les sauveteurs vérifier la zone. (She sends the lifeguards to check the area.)
EmmenerLe guide emmène les élèves observer les vagues. (The guide takes the students to observe the waves.)

Exceptions!

  1. When the main verb and the infinitive have the same subject, it is not an infinitive clause but a complementary infinitive: Tu aimerais aller au Brésil cet été. Here, tu is the subject of aimerais and of aller."

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. Pendant le briefing, j’ai vu un débutant ______ son gilet de sauvetage juste avant la mise à l’eau.

During the briefing, I saw a beginner ______ his life jacket just before getting into the water.

2. Depuis la zone de baignade, nous avons entendu quelqu’un ______ et demander de l’aide près du drapeau.

From the swimming area, we heard someone ______ and ask for help near the flag.

3. Pour éviter la dérive, le moniteur a fait ______ les élèves jusqu’à la bouée, même si la houle était forte.

To avoid drifting, the instructor made ______ the students up to the buoy, even though the swell was strong.

4. En voyant la vague arriver, j’ai laissé les plus à l’aise ______ d’abord, puis j’ai aidé les autres à se mettre en position.

Seeing the wave coming, I let the more confident ones ______ first, then I helped the others get into position.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Combine the two sentences into one using an infinitive clause (voir, entendre, regarder, faire, laisser, envoyer, emmener + noun/pronoun + infinitive).

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Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Nous avons vu la houle. Elle montait très vite près des rochers.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Nous avons vu la houle monter très vite près des rochers.
    (We saw the swell rise very quickly near the rocks.)
  2. J’ai entendu les vagues. Elles s’écrasaient contre la digue pendant le briefing.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    J’ai entendu les vagues s’écraser contre la digue pendant le briefing.
    (I heard the waves crash against the breakwater during the briefing.)
  3. Les élèves ont regardé le courant. Il emportait une planche qui n’était pas attachée.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Les élèves ont regardé le courant emporter une planche qui n’était pas attachée.
    (The students watched the current carry away a board that wasn’t tied down.)
  4. Hint Hint (faire) Le moniteur a donné une consigne. Les stagiaires devaient ramer plus loin avant de se lever.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le moniteur a fait ramer les stagiaires plus loin avant qu’ils ne se lèvent.
    (The instructor made the trainees paddle farther out before they stood up.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence.

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1.
With a verb of perception followed by an object, we use noun + infinitive without a preposition: you must say “the beginners follow…” The addition of “to” is a common mistake.
2.
Common mistake: after “make” to cause an action, the complement (the students) must come between “make” and the infinitive: “makes the students row”. Here the order is reversed.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Marco De Faria

Master in Foreign Languages

University of Poitiers

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France


Last Updated:

Wednesday, 15/07/2026 01:43