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Konstrukcja mieć + bezokolicznik: mam dostać awans

We use the verb mieć in constructions with infinitives (not only with powiedzieć) to express possibility, obligation/“should”, necessity, and also distance from unverified information.

What this construction is: mieć + infinitive

Polish often uses mieć (to have) + infinitive to express:

  • obligation / instruction (often sounds like a firm order)
  • a planned/expected action (agenda, schedule, agreed next step)
  • an unrealised plan in the past (it was supposed to happen, but didn’t)
  • reported information (rumour / “apparently”)

Think of it as English “to be to + verb” / “to be supposed to + verb”, depending on context.

How to build it (form)

Pattern mieć (conjugated) + infinitive
Examples

Masz spakować swoje rzeczy.

Mamy jutro omówić strategię.

Miałem wysłać mail rano (ale zapomniałem).

Infinitive = the dictionary form (ending often: , -c): spakować, omówić, dostać, zwolnić.

Meaning depends on context: choose the right “English brain translation”

Polish cue Typical meaning Natural English
Masz + infinitive (often direct speech) strong instruction / immediate requirement “You have to… / You are to…”
Mamy + time (jutro, w poniedziałek…) plan / expectation “We’re supposed to… / We are to…”
Miałem/Miała/Mieliśmy + infinitive plan that did not happen “I/She/We were supposed to…”
Podobno + mają + infinitive hearsay / unconfirmed info “Apparently/They say…”

Past forms: the “it didn’t happen” signal

Very often, past + infinitive implies: it was planned/expected, but reality changed.

  • Miałem wysłać raport, ale zabrakło czasu. = I was supposed to send it, but I ran out of time.

  • Miała dostać wyższe stanowisko, ale zrezygnowała. = She was supposed to get a higher position, but she resigned.

If it did happen, Polish normally uses a simple past verb instead:

  • Miałem wysłać raport i wysłałem. (awkward)

  • Wysłałem raport. (clear: it happened)

Word order: keep the infinitive close

In neutral style, put the infinitive right after mam/masz/ma/mamy/mają:

  • Mamy omówić to jutro. (most natural)

  • Mamy to omówić jutro. (also fine; “to” highlights “this”)

Common confusion: mieć + infinitive vs musieć

Form What it sounds like When to prefer it
muszę + infinitive necessity (often personal/real-world) deadlines, constraints, “I really must”
mam + infinitive assignment / expectation / instruction tasks, procedures, plans, “I’m supposed to”

In corporate/work contexts, mam/mamy + infinitive often sounds like “this is what the plan/process says”.

Self-check: which meaning is it?

  1. Is there Podobno or another “they say” marker? → rumour/hearsay.

  2. Is it in the past (miałem/miała…)? → usually unrealised plan.

  3. Is it a workplace agenda with a time word (jutro, dziś, w tym tygodniu)? → plan/expectation.

  4. Is it said directly to someone (especially with “!”)? → likely a firm instruction.

  1. When we want to talk about something expected or necessary, treated like an order.
Coś wymaganego natychmiast lub bezwzględnie (Something required immediately or unconditionally)Masz spakować swoje rzeczy! (You have to pack your things!)
Coś zaplanowanego lub oczekiwanego (Something planned or expected)Mamy jutro omówić z zarządem nową strategię. (We are to discuss the new strategy with the board tomorrow.)
Coś co miało się wydarzyć, ale się nie wydarzyło (Something that was supposed to happen but didn’t)Miała dostać wyższe stanowisko, ale zrezygnowała. (She was supposed to get a higher position, but she resigned.)
Informacja niesprawdzona, zasłyszana (Unverified information, something you heard)Podobno mają zwolnić kilku pracowników. (Apparently they’re going to lay off a few employees.)

Exceptions!

  1. The meaning depends on the context and tense — the same construction can express an order, a plan, or a rumour.
  2. The past tense (miałem, miałam) often suggests an unfulfilled plan.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. ___ dziś przygotować krótką notatkę dla zarządu. Masz dziś przygotować krótką notatkę dla zarządu.

___ have to prepare a short note for the management today.

2. Mamy jutro ___ z dyrektorem plan delegowania zadań. Mamy jutro omówić z dyrektorem plan delegowania zadań.

We are supposed to ___ with the director tomorrow the plan for delegating tasks.

3. Miałem ___ awans, ale menadżer zmienił decyzję. Miałem dostać awans, ale menadżer zmienił decyzję.

I was supposed to ___ a promotion, but the manager changed the decision.

4. Podobno ___ zwolnić kilku pracowników w tym miesiącu. Podobno mają zwolnić kilku pracowników w tym miesiącu.

Apparently ___ are going to lay off a few employees this month.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentences using the construction "have + infinitive" where natural (e.g. "You must go." → "You have to go.").

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  1. Musisz dzisiaj wysłać raport do szefa.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Masz dzisiaj wysłać raport do szefa.
    (You are to send the report to the boss today.)
  2. Spotkamy się jutro z klientem o 10:00.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Mamy jutro spotkać się z klientem o 10:00.
    (We are to meet the client tomorrow at 10:00.)
  3. Ona miała zadzwonić do mnie wczoraj, ale nie zadzwoniła.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Ona miała zadzwonić do mnie wczoraj, ale nie zadzwoniła.
    (She was supposed to call me yesterday, but she didn’t.)
  4. Podobno zwolnią kilka osób w firmie.
    ⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Podobno mają zwolnić kilka osób w firmie.
    (Apparently they are to lay off a few people in the company.)

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Joanna Majchrowska

Master of Spanish Philology

University of Lodz

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Poland


Last Updated:

Friday, 17/07/2026 18:52