Indirect speech with the imperfect

Discours indirect avec l'imparfait


On utilise l’imparfait pour marquer le discours indirect.

(We use the imperfect tense to mark reported speech.)

Reported speech in the past: choose the right link word

In French, to report what someone said or asked, you usually need:

  • a reporting verb: il a dit / elle a demandé
  • a link word: que / si / ce que / ce qui / où…
  • often a tense shift: present → imparfait
What it was originally Link word in reported speech Typical meaning in English
Statement que that
Yes/No question si if / whether
Open question with question word (où, quand, pourquoi…) same question word where, when, why…
Qu’est-ce que…? (object) ce que what (…as the object)
Qu’est-ce qui…? (subject) ce qui what (…as the subject)

Step 1: Is it a statement or a question?

  • Statement → use que.
  • Question → decide: yes/no (→ si) or open (→ où / quand / ce que / ce qui…).

Quick check: Can you answer with “yes/no”?

  • Yes → si
  • No, you need information → open question word

Step 2: Word order in reported questions (common trap)

In reported speech, French usually keeps a normal sentence order:

  • link word + subject + verb
Direct question Reported version
commence la mission ? Il a demandé où la mission commençait.
Le planning change ? Elle a demandé si le planning changeait.

Avoid inversion and “est-ce que” in the indirect version:

  • Il a demandé où commence la mission.
  • Elle a demandé est-ce que le planning changeait.

Step 3: “ce que” vs “ce qui” (object vs subject)

This is the key distinction:

  • ce que = “what” is the object (someone does something to what?)
  • ce qui = “what” is the subject (what does the action?)
Direct Reported How to think
Qu’est-ce que l’équipe prépare ? Le chef a demandé ce que l’équipe préparait. The team prepares something (object)
Qu’est-ce qui bloque ? Elle a demandé ce qui bloquait la tâche. Something blocks (subject)

Mini test (fast and reliable):

  1. Replace “what” with “something”.
  2. If “something” is doing the action → ce qui.
  3. If the action happens to “something” → ce que.

Step 4: The tense shift you see in the table (present → imparfait)

When the reporting verb is in the past (il a dit / elle a demandé), French often shifts the next verb back:

  • present → imparfait
Direct speech Reported (past)
La mission est prioritaire. Il a dit que la mission était prioritaire.
Le planning change ? Elle a demandé si le planning changeait.

Focus for A2: in this unit, aim for the pattern imparfait after a past reporting verb.

Self-check: what should you pay attention to?

  1. Identify: statement vs question.
  2. Choose the link word: que / si / question word / ce que / ce qui.
  3. Use normal word order: link word + subject + verb.
  4. Shift the tense (in this context): present → imparfait.

If your sentence follows those 4 steps, it will sound natural and professional.

  1. For questions with a question word, we keep the same structure. Où allez-vous ? : Il demande où vous allez ».
Type (Type)Discours direct (Direct speech)Discours indirect (Reported speech)
Phrase déclarative (Statement)il a dit queLa mission est prioritaire.Il a dit que la mission était prioritaire.
Question fermée (Yes/no question)il a demandé siLe planning change ? (Is the schedule changing?)Elle a demandé si le planning changeait. (She asked if the schedule was changing.)
Question ouverte (Open question)il a demandé commence la mission ? (Where does the mission start?)Il a demandé où la mission commençait. (He asked where the mission was starting.)
Qu’est-ce que (What (object))ce queQu’est-ce que l’équipe prépare ? (What is the team preparing?)Le chef a demandé ce que l’équipe préparait. (The manager asked what the team was preparing.)
Qu’est-ce qui (What (subject))ce quiQu’est-ce qui bloque ? (What is blocking?)Elle a demandé ce qui bloquait la tâche. (She asked what was blocking the task.)

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. Le chef a dit ___ la mission était prioritaire.

The boss said ___ the assignment was a priority.

2. Elle a demandé ___ le planning changeait cette semaine.

She asked ___ the schedule was changing this week.

3. Le chef d'équipe a demandé ___ tu préparais pour la réunion.

The team leader asked ___ you were preparing for the meeting.

4. La responsable RH a demandé ___ bloquait la répartition des tâches.

The HR manager asked ___ was preventing the tasks from being assigned.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in reported speech in the past (que, si, ce que, ce qui).

1.
"Si" is used for a yes/no question, not to report a statement.
"Ce que" is used for an open question (object) — here it is a statement, so we use "que."
2.
After "she asked" we generally report in the past (imperfect): use "was changing" rather than the compound past.
"Ce que" is not appropriate for a closed question; it is used for an open question about an object.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Put these sentences into reported speech in the past tense: use "que" for a statement, "si" for a yes/no question, and "ce que / ce qui" for "qu’est-ce que / qu’est-ce qui".

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Le responsable a dit : « La réunion est à 10 heures. »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le responsable a dit que la réunion était à 10 heures.
    (Le responsable a dit que la réunion était à 10 heures.)
  2. Elle a demandé : « Tu viens au bureau demain ? »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Elle a demandé si tu venais au bureau le lendemain.
    (Elle a demandé si tu venais au bureau le lendemain.)
  3. Le collègue a demandé : « Où est le fichier ? »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le collègue a demandé où était le fichier.
    (Le collègue a demandé où était le fichier.)
  4. La cheffe a demandé : « Qu’est-ce que tu fais cet après-midi ? »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    La cheffe a demandé ce que tu faisais cet après‑midi.
    (La cheffe a demandé ce que tu faisais cet après‑midi.)

Exercise 4: Grammar in action

Instruction: In pairs, report in the past what the leader said and asked.

Show/Hide translation
Situation
Après la réunion, tu expliques à un collègue la répartition des tâches.
(After the meeting, you explain to a colleague how the tasks were divided.)

Discuss
  • Quelles priorités le chef a-t-il annoncées pour la mission ? (What priorities did the manager announce for the project?)
  • Qu’a-t-il demandé concernant le planning et la gestion du temps ? Pourquoi ? (What did they ask about the schedule and time management? Why?)

Useful words and phrases
  • Il a dit que la mission était prioritaire. (They said the project was a priority.)
  • Elle a demandé si le planning changeait. (They asked if the schedule was changing.)
  • Le chef a expliqué que la répartition clarifiait les responsabilités. (The manager explained that the division of tasks clarified responsibilities.)

Use in conversation
  • Il/Elle a dit que… (They said that…)
  • Il/Elle a demandé si… (They asked if…)
  • Il/Elle a demandé ce que… (They asked what…)

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Marco De Faria

Master in Foreign Languages

University of Poitiers

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France


Last Updated:

Friday, 10/04/2026 21:30