Understanding the Präteritum: Regular Verbs
This lesson focuses on the Präteritum tense in German, specifically covering its use with regular (weak) verbs. The Präteritum is one of the past tenses used to describe actions or events that have already happened.
What You'll Learn
- How to form the Präteritum with regular verbs by adding "-te" to the verb stem.
- Recognition of verb endings for different subject pronouns.
- The difference between regular (weak) and irregular (strong) verbs in the past tense.
- Contexts in which the Präteritum is commonly used, especially in news and formal reports.
Key Concepts and Examples
The Präteritum is predominantly used in written German and in reports, such as newspapers, radio, and TV. While in everyday spoken German the Perfekt tense is often preferred, knowing the Präteritum is essential for understanding formal communication and literature.
Regular verbs do not change their stem vowel. Instead, you take the stem of the verb and add the "-te" suffix plus appropriate personal endings:
- ich berichtete (I reported)
- du berichtetest (you reported)
- er/sie/es berichtete (he/she/it reported)
- wir berichteten (we reported)
- ihr berichtetet (you all reported)
- sie berichteten (they reported)
For contrast, strong verbs have a vowel change but no "-te" ending. For example, sehen (to see) conjugates as:
- ich sah
- du sahst
- er/sie/es sah
- wir sahen
- ihr saht
- sie sahen
Contexts for Usage
The Präteritum is frequently used in narratives describing past events, particularly in journalistic reports and formal written texts. For everyday conversation, the Perfekt tense is usually preferred.
Important Differences and Useful Phrases
Unlike English, which generally uses one simple past form, German distinguishes between Präteritum and Perfekt depending on formality and medium. For instance, English "reported" can be translated as berichtete (Präteritum) or hat berichtet (Perfekt), depending on context.
Useful phrases:
- am Tag danach berichtete die Zeitung über das Ereignis – the newspaper reported on the event the following day.
- gestern sah ich den Film im Fernsehen – yesterday I saw the movie on TV.
English speakers learning German should pay attention to verb class (weak vs. strong) when forming past tenses and become familiar with where and when the Präteritum is appropriate to use.