Learn how to form relative clauses using der, die, das to connect sentences, e.g., 'der Mann, der joggt' (the man who jogs) and 'das Buch, das ich lese' (the book that I read). This lesson covers nominative and accusative cases with clear, practical examples.
  1. Nominative: The relative pronoun is the subject, e.g. der Nachbar, der hilft.
  2. Accusative: The relative pronoun is the object, e.g. "der Hund, den ich habe".
Kasus (Case)Maskulin (masculine)Feminin (feminine)Neutrum (neuter)
Nominativ (Nominative)Der Mann, der im Park joggt. (The man who is jogging in the park.)Die Frau, die hier arbeitet. (The woman who works here.)Das Auto, das schnell fährt. (The car that drives fast.)
Akkusativ (accusative)Der Ball, den ich kaufe. (The ball that I am buying.)Die Frau, die ich sehe. (The woman whom I see.)Das Buch, das ich lese. (The book that I am reading.)

Exercise 1: Relativsätze mit der, die, das

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

das, die, der, den

1.
Ich spreche mit dem Mann, ... eine Aussage macht.
(Ich spreche mit dem Mann, der eine Aussage macht.)
2.
Ich suche den Ausweis, ... ich gestern verloren habe.
(Ich suche den Ausweis, den ich gestern verloren habe.)
3.
Hier ist der Ausweis, ... ich verloren habe.
(Hier ist der Ausweis, den ich verloren habe.)
4.
Das ist die Botschaft, ... mir Dokumente gibt.
(Das ist die Botschaft, die mir Dokumente gibt.)
5.
Das ist die Aussage, ... ich machen muss.
(Das ist die Aussage, die ich machen muss.)
6.
Hier ist der Polizist, ... die Anzeige schreibt.
(Hier ist der Polizist, der die Anzeige schreibt.)
7.
Hier ist der Geldbeutel, ... jemand gestohlen hat.
(Hier ist der Geldbeutel, den jemand gestohlen hat.)
8.
Das ist das Fundbüro, ... mir hilft.
(Das ist das Fundbüro, das mir hilft.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Select the correct relative clause construction using 'der', 'die', or 'das' in the nominative or accusative case for each question.

1.
Incorrect double accusative form "den den"; after 'der Polizist' as subject, nominative "der" must be used in the relative clause.
The relative pronoun "die" does not fit the masculine nominative "der Polizist".
2.
"der" is masculine or dative; here, accusative "die" is required.
Incorrect verb position and tense; in the relative clause, the verb must be at the end.
3.
Unnecessary personal pronoun "es" in the relative clause; it is incorrect after the verb at the end.
"den" is masculine accusative; here, neuter nominative "das" must be used.
4.
In German, a comma must be placed before 'verloren' to correctly separate the relative clause.
"der" is nominative masculine, but here accusative object "den" is needed.

Understanding Relative Clauses with der, die, das in German

This lesson focuses on the use of relative clauses in German using the definite relative pronouns der, die, das. Relative clauses help you connect two sentences by adding more detail about a noun without repeating it. For example: Der Mann, der im Park joggt (The man who jogs in the park) or Das Buch, das ich lese (The book that I read).

What Are Relative Clauses?

Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify a noun mentioned previously. They start with a relative pronoun that agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to. In German, the most common relative pronouns are der, die, das, corresponding to masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns in the nominative case, respectively.

Case Usage in Relative Clauses

The case of the relative pronoun depends on its function within the relative clause:

  • Nominative: When the relative pronoun functions as the subject of the relative clause.
    Example: Der Mann, der im Park joggt. (The man who jogs in the park.)
  • Akkusativ (Accusative): When the relative pronoun is the direct object of the relative clause.
    Example: Der Ball, den ich kaufe. (The ball that I am buying.)

Important Highlights

  • The relative pronoun agrees in gender and number with the noun it refers to, not with its function in the clause.
  • The verb in the relative clause is always placed at the end.
  • Commas separate the relative clause from the main clause.

Examples to Remember

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuter
NominativeDer Mann, der im Park joggt.Die Frau, die hier arbeitet.Das Auto, das schnell fährt.
AccusativeDer Ball, den ich kaufe.Die Frau, die ich sehe.Das Buch, das ich lese.

Note on Instruction Language vs. Learning Language

Since English is the instruction language and German is the language being learned, translations and comparisons are helpful. For instance, German uses specific relative pronouns (der, die, das) with gender and case agreement, which differs from English, where "who," "which," and "that" are more universal and do not change form based on gender or case.

Useful phrases include:

  • der Mann, der ... – the man who ...
  • die Frau, die ... – the woman who ...
  • das Buch, das ... – the book that ...

Understanding these differences will help you form accurate relative clauses in German and improve sentence complexity.

Written by

This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

Profile Picture

Louis Fernando Hess

Bachelor of Science - Intercultural Business Psychology

Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences

University_Logo

Germany


Last Updated:

Saturday, 29/11/2025 11:47