Learn how to use indirecte rede in Dutch by introducing connectors like 'dat' for statements and 'of' for yes/no questions, and mastering verb tense changes in reported speech.
  1. Use "of" in closed questions.
  2. Use "dat" in regular sentences.
  3. In the past tense: the verb form in the subordinate clause is also in the past tense.
Type zin (Type sentence) (Type de phrase)Directe rede (Direct speech) (Discours direct)Indirecte rede (Indirect speech) (discours indirect)
Normale zin (Normal sentence) (Phrase normale)Het systeem werkt. (Le système fonctionne.)Ze zegt dat het systeem werkt. (Elle dit que le système fonctionne.)
Vraag (Question) (Question)Is het project af? (Is the project finished?) (Le projet est-il terminé ?)Ze vraagt of het project af is. (Elle demande si le projet est terminé.)
Verleden tijd (Past tense) (Passé)Ik organiseer het project. (J'organise le projet.)Hij zei dat hij het project organiseerde. (He said that he organised the project.) (Il a dit qu'il organisait le projet.)

Exercise 1: Indirecte rede

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

of, dat

1. De taak is klaar.:
: Hij zegt ... de taak klaar is.
(: Hij zegt dat de taak klaar is.)
2. Werkt het systeem?:
: Ze vraagt ... het systeem werkt.
(: Ze vraagt of het systeem werkt.)
3. Het project gaat starten.:
: De leider meldt ... het project gaat starten.
(: De leider meldt dat het project gaat starten.)
4. Is alles voltooid?:
: De organisatie informeert ... alles voltooid is.
(: De organisatie informeert of alles voltooid is.)
5. Het project is erg dringend.:
: Hij zegt ... het project erg dringend is.
(: Hij zegt dat het project erg dringend is.)
6.
Heb je de melding ontvangen?: Hij vroeg ... je de melding ontvangen hebt.
(Heb je de melding ontvangen?: Hij vroeg of je de melding ontvangen hebt.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence using indirect speech. Pay attention to the proper use of 'dat' and 'of' and the verb tenses.

1.
The verb form 'finished' is past tense; here the present tense is required.
'Of' is only used with yes/no questions; here it is a regular statement.
2.
For a yes/no question, you use 'of', not 'dat'.
If the question is still relevant, the present tense is usually used instead of the past tense.
3.
'Of' is only used for yes/no questions; this is a declarative sentence.
Incorrect verb form; in past tense the verb must be conjugated as 'sent'.
4.
The sentence is a statement, not a question; therefore, use 'dat' instead of 'of'.
'Of' is incorrect in a normal declarative sentence; here 'dat' is appropriate.

Indirect Speech (Indirecte Rede) in Dutch

In this lesson, you will learn how to use indirect speech in Dutch to report what someone else has said or asked without using quotation marks. This is a useful skill for everyday conversations, storytelling, and written communication.

What You Will Learn

  • How to transform direct sentences into indirect sentences using words like dat and of.
  • When to use dat (that) for statements and of (if/whether) for yes/no questions.
  • How verb tenses change in indirect speech, especially when shifting to past tense.

Key Examples

Type of SentenceDirect SpeechIndirect Speech
Normal SentenceHet systeem werkt.Ze zegt dat het systeem werkt.
QuestionIs het project af?Ze vraagt of het project af is.
Past TenseIk organiseer het project.Hij zei dat hij het project organiseerde.

Important Points

  • Use dat to introduce statements and explanatory clauses.
  • Use of to introduce closed questions (yes/no questions) in indirect speech.
  • When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the indirect clause usually changes to the past tense as well.

Differences and Useful Notes for English Speakers

Unlike English, which often uses "that" for indirect statements but sometimes omits it, Dutch requires dat explicitly for indirect statements. Also, Dutch uses of to report yes/no questions, equivalent to "if" or "whether" in English. Pay attention to verb tense changes: Dutch shifts the verb tense in reported speech to align with the past or present context, similar to English but often more strictly followed.

Some useful words and expressions:
zeggen (to say), vragen (to ask), dat (that), of (if/whether), werk (work/function), vragen (questions), project (project).

Practice recognizing when to use dat and of and pay close attention to verb tense agreement when converting direct speech to indirect speech.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Tuesday, 02/12/2025 01:47