Learn the Dutch onvoltooid verleden toekomende tijd to express polite requests like 'Zou u de huur willen betalen?', doubts such as 'Zou ik dit huis kopen?', wishes, advice, and incomplete actions with 'zou/zouden' + infinitief.
  1. Formula: zou/zouden + infinitief
Gebruik (Usage)Voorbeeld (Example)
Beleefde vraag of verzoek (Polite question or request)Zou u de huur willen betalen voor 8 juni, alstublieft? (Would you please pay the rent before 8 June?)
Iets dat nog niet klaar of gebeurd is (Something that is not yet finished or happened)We zouden een huis in Amsterdam kopen. (We would buy a house in Amsterdam.)
Twijfel (Doubt)Zou ik dit huis kopen? (Would I buy this house?)
Advies (Advice)Als ik jou was zou ik eerst nog wat sparen, voordat je een huis koopt. (If I were you, I would save some more first before buying a house.)
Wens (Wish)Ik zou graag in die buurt wonen. (I would like to live in that neighbourhood.)

Exceptions!

  1. In polite questions with ik or wij: use 'mogen' or 'kunnen'. For example: 'Zou ik de makelaar even kunnen spreken?'

Exercise 1: Onvoltooid verleden toekomende tijd

Instruction: Fill in the correct word.

Show translation Show answers

zou ondertekenen, zouden, zou huren, betalen, zou bellen, zou, kopen, zijn, zou bevestigen

1. Huren:
Hij zei dat hij een huis ... in de stad.
(He said that he would rent a house in the city.)
2. Zijn:
Volgens de advertentie ... het appartement volledig gerenoveerd ....
(According to the advertisement, the apartment would be completely renovated.)
3. Kopen:
We ... een appartement ... vlakbij het centrum.
(We would buy an apartment near the centre.)
4. Bellen:
De makelaar zei dat hij morgen terug ....
(The estate agent said that he would call back tomorrow.)
5. Kopen:
Als ik meer geld had, ... ik een appartement ... in plaats van huren.
(If I had more money, I would buy an apartment instead of renting.)
6. Betalen:
Ik ... de servicekosten deze week ....
(I would pay the service charges this week.)
7. Ondertekenen:
Hij zei dat hij het huurcontract deze week ....
(He said that he would sign the lease contract this week.)
8. Bevestigen:
Ik wist niet of ik de aankoop ....
(I did not know whether I would confirm the purchase.)

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose in each group the correct sentence with the past future tense. Pay attention to polite questions, wishes, doubt, and advice in the context of buying and selling houses.

1.
'Could' plural form fits with plural subject; with 'I' 'could' (singular) is correct.
Incorrect word order: the infinitive must come directly after 'could'.
2.
Incorrect word order: subject and direct object are misplaced.
With 'you' informal the past future tense is not formed here for a polite question; 'would' fits better with forms of politeness.
3.
Past future tense requires the infinitive, not the past participle.
Incorrect word order; 'to live in that neighborhood' is correct.
4.
Past future tense requires the infinitive, not the past participle.
Double modal verbs: this is unnecessary and incorrect in this construction.

Introduction to the Onvoltooid Verleden Toekomende Tijd

This lesson covers the use of the onvoltooid verleden toekomende tijd, a Dutch tense that translates to the 'imperfect past future tense' in English. It is particularly useful in polite requests, expressing doubts, wishes, advice, and describing actions that were not completed or had not yet occurred in the past.

Key Uses and Examples

  • Polite Requests: Used to ask for something in a respectful or formal way. For example, Zou u de huur willen betalen voor 8 juni, alstublieft? translates as a polite way to request payment.
  • Incomplete or Unfinished Actions: Refers to something that was not finished or still pending in the past. For example, We zouden een huis in Amsterdam kopen.
  • Expressions of Doubt: Used when expressing uncertainty or questioning a course of action. For example, Zou ik dit huis kopen?
  • Advice: Formulates suggestions in a polite way. For example, Als ik jou was zou ik eerst nog wat sparen, voordat je een huis koopt.
  • Wishes: Indicates desires or wishes politely. For example, Ik zou graag in die buurt wonen.

Forming the Tense

The formula is zou/zouden + infinitive. When making polite requests with the subjects ik (I) or wij (we), it’s common to add modal verbs such as mogen (may) or kunnen (can). For example, Zou ik de makelaar even kunnen spreken?

Important Language Tips

This tense is not commonly found in English but has some parallels with conditional or polite future forms like "Would you..." or "I would..." in English. However, Dutch uses this tense more structurally for politeness and subtle nuances in the past.

Some useful Dutch expressions mastered by this lesson include:

  • Zou u… willen… ? – Would you like to…?
  • Zou ik… kunnen… ? – Could I…?
  • Als ik jou was… zou ik… – If I were you, I would…
  • Ik zou graag… – I would like to…

English learners should note the verb order and avoidance of direct translations with "would" constructions. Unlike English, Dutch requires the modal verb to be directly followed by the infinitive verb without auxiliary verbs in between.

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Kato De Paepe

Business and languages

KdG University of Applied Sciences and Arts Antwerp

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Last Updated:

Monday, 01/09/2025 01:36