The imperative: irregular verbs

L'impératif : verbes irréguliers


L'impératif est utilisé pour donner des ordres, des conseils ou des souhaits. Exemple : 'Écoute' ou 'Fais attention'. Il se forme sans sujet.

(The imperative is used to give orders, advice, or wishes. Example: “Écoute” or “Fais attention”. It is formed without a subject.)

What’s special here: irregular verbs in the imperative

Most French imperatives are predictable. But avoir, être, savoir and (in polite requests) vouloir have unique imperative forms. These are the ones you simply need to recognize and use.

Person Avoir Être Savoir Vouloir (polite)
tu Aie ! Sois ! Sache !
nous Ayons ! Soyons ! Sachons !
vous Ayez ! Soyez ! Sachez ! Veuillez…

How to choose: tu / nous / vous in real life

  • tu = one person you address informally (colleague you know well, friend, partner).
  • nous = “let’s…” (includes the speaker): Ayons un peu de patience.
  • vous = one person politely or several people: Soyez ponctuels.

Quick check: If in English you naturally say “Please…” to a client/patient/stranger, French often prefers vous or Veuillez…

Meaning and typical contexts (so you don’t translate word-for-word)

  • Aie / Ayons / Ayez = “have” in the sense of possess / keep / show.
    • Ayez votre carte Vitale. = Have/bring your health card.
    • Ayons un plan B. = Let’s have a plan B.
  • Sois / Soyons / Soyez = “be” (state/attitude/behavior).
    • Sois attentive. = Be attentive.
    • Soyez ponctuel. = Be on time. (polite or plural)
  • Sache / Sachons / Sachez = “know” meaning be aware / keep in mind (often followed by que).
    • Sache que ce document est confidentiel. = Be aware that this document is confidential.

“Veuillez …” = the professional, polite imperative

  • Veuillez is the only imperative form used from vouloir here.
  • It means “Please + verb” in a formal, service or professional context.
Natural French What it means
Veuillez patienter. Please wait.
Veuillez remplir ce formulaire. Please fill in this form.
Veuillez vous asseoir. Please have a seat.

Common trap: don’t use present tense Voulez… to give an instruction. Use Veuillez + infinitive.

Common traps to avoid (fast self-correction)

  • Don’t use the infinitive to give an order:
    • Avoir votre carte Vitale.Ayez votre carte Vitale.
    • Être ponctuel.Soyez ponctuel.
  • Savoir is not sais/savez in the imperative:
    • Sais que…Sache que…
    • Savez que…Sachez que…
  • Agreement still matters with adjectives:
    • Sois attentif (to a man) / Sois attentive (to a woman)
    • Soyez attentifs (group incl. men/mixed) / Soyez attentives (group of women)

Step-by-step: build your own correct imperative

  1. Who are you addressing? tu / nous / vous
  2. Which verb? avoir / être / savoir / (polite request → veuillez)
  3. Add what follows (object, adjective, or que + clause)
Goal (English) Best choice (French)
Be calm (to one person, informal) Sois calme.
Let’s be patient Ayons un peu de patience.
Please wait (professional) Veuillez patienter.
Be aware that the test can be negative Sache que le test peut être négatif.

Mini self-check (30 seconds)

  • If it’s formal / client-facing → I can use Veuillez + infinitive.
  • If it’s “be” → I need Sois / Soyons / Soyez (not es/êtes).
  • If it’s “have” → I need Aie / Ayons / Ayez (not as/avez).
  • If it’s “know / be aware” → I need Sache / Sachons / Sachez (often + que).
  1. Irregular verbs in the imperative are 'avoir', 'être', 'savoir' and 'vouloir'. They therefore have unique forms.
  2. The verb vouloir has only one form in the imperative: 'Veuillez', used as a polite form. Example: Veuillez attendre le gynécologue.
Personne (Person)Avoir (To have)Être  (To be)Savoir (To know)Vouloir (To want)
TuAie !Sois !Sache ! 
NousAyons !Soyons !Sachons ! 
VousAyez !Soyez !Sachez !Veuillez !

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. ___ toujours votre dossier médical et vos analyses le jour de l'échographie.

___ always your medical file and your test results on the day of the ultrasound.

2. ___ attentive aux mouvements du bébé et appelle si tu as un doute.

___ attentive to the baby's movements and call if you have any doubts.

3. ___ que le test de grossesse peut être négatif au tout début ; refais-le dans deux jours.

___ that the pregnancy test can be negative right at the beginning; take it again in two days.

4. ___ patienter en salle d'attente : le médecin arrive dans quelques minutes.

___ wait in the waiting room: the doctor will be here in a few minutes.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite each sentence in the imperative using the correct irregular form (aie/ayons/ayez, sois/soyons/soyez, sache/sachons/sachez, veuillez).

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Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Tu dois être calme pendant l’entretien d’embauche.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Sois calme pendant l’entretien d’embauche.
    (Be calm during the job interview.)
  2. Nous devons avoir un peu de patience, le médecin est en retard.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Ayons un peu de patience, le médecin est en retard.
    (Let's have a little patience, the doctor is late.)
  3. Vous devez être ponctuel pour la réunion.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Soyez ponctuel pour la réunion.
    (Be on time for the meeting.)
  4. Tu dois savoir que le dossier est confidentiel.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Sache que le dossier est confidentiel.
    (Know that the file is confidential.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the imperative.

Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.

1.
Incorrect: the infinitive “avoir” is not used to give an order; you must use the imperative form “Ayez”.”
2.
Incorrect: “Voulez” is the 2nd person plural in the present indicative; for a polite request in the imperative you use “Veuillez”.”

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Oscar Figueiral Marques

Master

Université de Poitiers

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France


Last Updated:

Saturday, 06/06/2026 15:29