Le plus-que-parfait exprime une action qui s'est déroulée avant une autre action passée. Exemple : 'j'avais mangé', 'il avait étudié'.
(The pluperfect expresses an action that happened before another past action. Example: “j'avais mangé”, “il avait étudié”.)
- The pluperfect is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être in the imperfect, followed by the past participle.
- The auxiliary être is used with verbs of movement and pronominal (reflexive) verbs.
| Étudier (1er groupe) (To study (1st group)) | Choisir (2ème groupe) (To choose (2nd group)) | Partir (3ème groupe) (To leave (3rd group) ) |
|---|---|---|
| J'avais étudié (I had studied) | J'avais choisi (I had chosen) | J'étais parti(e) (I had left) |
| Tu avais étudié (You had studied) | Tu avais choisi (You had chosen) | Tu étais parti(e) (You had left) |
| Il/Elle/On avait étudié (He/She/One had studied) | Il/elle/On avait choisi (He/she/One had chosen) | Il/Elle/On était parti(e) (He/She/One had left) |
| Nous avions étudié (We had studied) | Nous avions choisi (We had chosen) | Nous étions parti(e)s (We had left) |
| Vous avez étudié (You have studied) | Vous aviez choisi (You had chosen) | Vous étiez parti(e)s (You had left) |
| Ils/Elles avaient étudié (They had studied) | Ils/Elles avaient choisi (They had chosen) | Ils/Elles étaient parti(e)s (They had left) |
Exceptions!
- The past participle agrees with the subject when the auxiliary is être.
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
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1. Quand je suis arrivé au secrétariat, j'_____ déjà rempli le formulaire de demande de bourse.
When I arrived at the administration office, I _____ already filled out the scholarship application form.2. Avant l'entretien, nous _____ choisi la filière technologique pour notre fille.
Before the interview, we _____ chosen the technological track for our daughter.3. Quand l'année scolaire a commencé, elle _____ déjà partie en programme d'échanges.
When the school year began, she _____ already left for an exchange program.4. Quand ils ont intégré la classe prépa, ils _____ déjà étudié les matières obligatoires en terminale.
When they entered the preparatory class, they _____ already studied the compulsory subjects in their final year.Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Rewrite the sentences by putting the verb in the pluperfect to show that one action had taken place before another past action (e.g.: After I had finished, I went out).
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleQuand le chef est arrivé, nous avions étudié le dossier.(When the manager arrived, we had studied the file.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleElle a pu répondre parce qu’elle avait choisi la bonne option.(She was able to answer because she had chosen the right option.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleIls ont raté le train parce qu’ils étaient partis trop tard de la maison.(They missed the train because they had left home too late.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleJe ne pouvais pas entrer dans le bureau parce que j’avais oublié mon badge.(I couldn't enter the office because I had forgotten my badge.)
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in the pluperfect.
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