Indirect speech

Le discours indirect


Le discours indirect rapporte les propos de quelqu'un sous forme de récit, par l'intermédiaire d'un narrateur. Exemple : Il a dit qu'il viendra demain.

(Indirect speech reports what someone said in narrative form, through a narrator. Example: He said that he would come tomorrow.)

When do tenses change in reported speech?

In French, tense changes in reported speech depend on the tense of the reporting verb (the main clause).

  • If the reporting verb is in the present or future: you usually keep the same tense as in direct speech.
  • If the reporting verb is in a past tense (passé composé, imparfait, plus-que-parfait, etc.): you apply backshift (concordance des temps).
Reporting verb What happens? Quick example
Présent / futur No tense shift Elle dit : « Je suis prête. » → Elle dit qu’elle est prête.
Past tense Tense shift (backshift) Elle a dit : « Je suis prête. » → Elle a dit qu’elle était prête.

The “backshift” map (what tense becomes what)

Use this when the reporting verb is in the past.

Direct speech tense Reported speech tense Meaning in English
Présent Imparfait “is / does” → “was / did”
Passé composé / passé simple Plus-que-parfait “did / has done” → “had done”
Imparfait Imparfait “was doing / used to” → stays the same
Futur Conditionnel présent “will” → “would”
Futur antérieur Conditionnel passé “will have done” → “would have done”
Conditionnel Conditionnel “would” → stays the same

Step-by-step method (fast and reliable)

  1. Identify the reporting verb: a dit, a expliqué, a précisé, a annoncé, demandait…

  2. Is it past? If yes, apply the tense map above.

  3. Add the link word:

    • Statement: que (= that)
    • Yes/no question: si (= whether/if)
  4. Update “point of view” words: pronouns, possessives, time and place words.

Pronouns & possessives: keep the meaning, not the words

This is where many mistakes happen: French reported speech must match who speaks and who owns what.

Direct speech Reported speech What changed?
Il a dit : « Je suis prêt. » Il a dit qu’il était prêt. je → il
Il disait : « J’ai mon permis. » Il disait qu’il avait son permis. mon → son (his)
Elle a dit : « Je viens avec mes collègues. » Elle a dit qu’elle venait avec ses collègues. mes → ses (her)

Self-check: Ask “Who does my/your/his refer to now?” Then choose the right possessive.

Time words often need an update (this/next → that/following)

When you report later, the timeline shifts.

Direct speech Typical change in reported speech
aujourd’hui ce jour-là
ce matin ce matin-là
hier la veille
demain le lendemain
la semaine prochaine la semaine suivante
l’année dernière l’année précédente

Tip: If the sentence is still true “right now” (a general fact), French sometimes keeps the present, but at B1 it’s safest to follow the tense map when the reporting verb is past.

Common traps (and how to avoid them)

  • Trap 1: forgetting the backshift

    Il a expliqué qu’il est en réunion.
    Il a expliqué qu’il était en réunion.

  • Trap 2: using “que si”

    Elle a demandé que si j’étais disponible.
    Elle a demandé si j’étais disponible.

  • Trap 3: wrong possessive after je

    Il a dit qu’il avait mon badge. (means: my badge)
    Il a dit qu’il avait son badge. (his badge)

Mini self-check before you move on

  • 1) Is the reporting verb in the past? If yes → apply the tense map.

  • 2) Statement (que) or yes/no question (si)?

  • 3) Did you adjust je/tu and mon/ton to match the new speaker?

  • 4) Do time words still fit (aujourd’hui/demain/prochaine)? If not → update them.

  1. When the verb in the main clause is in the present or future, the verb in the subordinate clause does not change compared with direct speech. Example: “She will say: I am a citizen.” → “She will say that she is a citizen.”
  2. When the verb in the main clause is in a past tense, the tense in the subordinate clause changes compared with direct speech.
Discours direct (Direct speech)Discours indirect (Indirect speech)Exemples
Indicatif présentIndicatif imparfaitElle disait : "Je refuse". → Elle disait qu'elle refusait. (She was saying: “I refuse.” → She was saying that she refused.)
Passé composé / Passé simplePlus-que-parfaitIl a dit : "J'ai eu la licence" → Elle a dit qu'elle avait eu la licence. (He said: “I got the licence.” → She said that she had gotten the licence.)
ImparfaitImparfaitTu as déclaré : "J'avais un cousin maire." → Tu as déclaré que tu avais un cousin maire. (You stated: “I had a cousin who was a mayor.” → You stated that you had a cousin who was a mayor.)
FuturConditionnel présentIl a dit : "J'arriverai en retard". → Il a dit que qu'il arriverait en retard. (He said: “I will arrive late.” → He said that he would arrive late.)
Futur antérieurConditionnel passéIl déclara : "J'aurai bientôt fini". → Il déclara qu'il aurait bientôt fini. (He declared: “I will have finished soon.” → He declared that he would have finished soon.)
ConditionnelConditionnelLe ministre de L'Intérieur a précisé : "J'aimerais être présent" → Le ministre de l'Intérieur a précisé qu'il aimerait être présent. (The Minister of the Interior specified: “I would like to be present.” → The Minister of the Interior specified that he would like to be present.)

Exceptions!

  1. You must adapt pronouns according to the meaning of the sentence. Example: He was saying: I have my permit → He was saying that he had his permit.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. Le maire a expliqué que le délai pour déposer le dossier ______ de deux semaines.

The mayor explained that the deadline to submit the application ______ two weeks.

2. Au consulat, l'agent m'a dit que je ______ demander une autorisation avant de travailler.

At the consulate, the officer told me that I ______ request an authorization before working.

3. La vice-présidente du district a annoncé que l'allocation ______ versée le mois suivant.

The district vice-president announced that the allowance ______ paid the following month.

4. Le ministre de l'Intérieur a précisé qu'il avait déjà obtenu ______ permis l'année précédente.

The Minister of the Interior specified that he had already obtained ______ permit the previous year.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Put the sentences into reported speech (with "that"), adjusting the tenses if the main clause is in the past and changing the pronouns if necessary. Example: He said, "I am coming." → He said that he was coming.

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  1. Le directeur a annoncé : « Nous ouvrons un nouveau bureau à Lyon. »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le directeur a annoncé qu’ils ouvraient un nouveau bureau à Lyon.
    (The director announced that they were opening a new office in Lyon.)
  2. Sophie a expliqué : « J’ai envoyé le dossier ce matin. »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Sophie a expliqué qu’elle avait envoyé le dossier ce matin-là.
    (Sophie explained that she had sent the file that morning.)
  3. Le responsable a précisé : « Je travaillais déjà sur ce projet l’année dernière. »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le responsable a précisé qu’il travaillait déjà sur ce projet l’année précédente.
    (The manager specified that he was already working on this project the previous year.)
  4. Le client a dit : « Je paierai la facture la semaine prochaine. »
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Le client a dit qu’il paierait la facture la semaine suivante.
    (The client said that he would pay the invoice the following week.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence in reported speech.

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1.
With a main verb in the past (“explained”), we apply sequence of tenses: the present (“can”) must change to the imperfect (“could”).
2.
We do not use “that whether” together; moreover, with “asked” (past), the verb in the subordinate clause must agree in tense (the present “am” becomes “was”).

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Oscar Figueiral Marques

Master

Université de Poitiers

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France


Last Updated:

Sunday, 31/05/2026 12:21