La concordance des temps détermine l'harmonie entre la principale et la subordonnée dans une phrase
(The sequence of tenses determines the harmony between the main clause and the subordinate clause in a sentence.)
- The subordinate clause can express an action happening at the same time as the main clause (= simultaneity), before the one in the main clause (= anteriority), or after the one in the main clause (= posteriority).
- If the main clause is in the present, the subordinate clause can be in the present, the future, or the passé composé, depending on the meaning; if the main clause is in the past, the subordinate clause often takes the imparfait or the plus-que-parfait.
- When the verb in the main clause is in the past, it is grammatically impossible to use the futur simple in the subordinate clause: to express posteriority in the past, the conditionnel présent is often used.
| Simultanéité | Antériorité | Postériorité |
|---|---|---|
| Présent + Présent | Présent + Passé composé | Présent + Futur |
| Je pense que l’inventeur étudie les données. (I think that the inventor is studying the data.) | Il sait qu'elle a fini son travail. (He knows that she has finished her work.) | Je pense qu’il inventera une nouvelle machine bientôt. (I think that he will invent a new machine soon.) |
| Imparfait + Imparfait | Passé composé + Plus-que-parfait | Imparfait + Conditionnel |
| Le chef savait que l’étude était longue (The manager knew that the study was long.) | Le chercheur a vu que le liquide s’était évaporé hier. (The researcher saw that the liquid had evaporated yesterday.) | Je pensais qu'il viendrait (I thought that he would come.) |
| Futur + Futur | Futur + Futur antérieur | Passé composé + Conditionnel |
| Je le ferai quand tu seras là (I will do it when you are there.) | Quand tu arriveras, j'aurai fini mon invention. (When you arrive, I will have finished my invention.) | Elle a dit qu’elle finirait bientôt ce projet. (She said that she would finish this project soon.) |
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.
1. Je pense que le biologiste ____ la matière en ce moment.
I think the biologist ____ the substance right now.2. Elle sait que l’échantillon ____ stérilisé avant le protocole.
She knows that the sample ____ sterilized before the protocol.3. Le chef a expliqué que le liquide ____ pendant la nuit.
The manager explained that the liquid ____ during the night.4. Je pensais que l’inventeur ____ une nouvelle méthode sous la supervision du directeur.
I thought that the inventor ____ a new method under the director’s supervision.Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Make the tenses consistent between the main clause and the subordinate clause: rewrite each sentence by putting the verb in the subordinate clause in the correct tense (simultaneity, anteriority or posteriority).
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.
Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints-
Je sais qu'il (terminer) le rapport hier.⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleJe sais qu'il a terminé le rapport hier.(I know that he finished the report yesterday.)
-
Je pensais que tu (venir) à la réunion demain.⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleJe pensais que tu viendrais à la réunion demain.(I thought that you would come to the meeting tomorrow.)
-
Il a compris que les clients (déjà partir) quand il est arrivé.⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleIl a compris que les clients étaient déjà partis quand il est arrivé.(He understood that the clients had already left when he arrived.)
-
Quand tu (arriver), je (déjà finir) la présentation.⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleQuand tu arriveras, j'aurai déjà fini la présentation.(When you arrive, I will already have finished the presentation.)
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct sentence.
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.