Reflexive pronouns: singular and self-form

Wederkerende voornaamwoorden: enkelvoudige- en zelf-vorm


Wederkerende voornaamwoorden zoals me, je en zichzelf worden gebruikt om aan te geven dat het onderwerp de handeling op zichzelf uitvoert.

(Reflexive pronouns such as me, je and zichzelf are used to indicate that the subject performs the action on itself.)

When do you use a reflexive pronoun?

Some Dutch verbs are reflexive: the action returns to the same person as the subject.

  • Ik vergis me = I make a mistake (literally: I mistake myself).
  • U vergist zich = You (polite) make a mistake.
  • De arts schaamt zich = The doctor is ashamed.

Key idea: the subject and the reflexive pronoun refer to the same person.

Choose the right form (me/je/ons vs mezelf/jezelf/onszelf)

Most of the time you use the simple form (me, je, zich, ons).

What you want to say Use Example
Normal reflexive action me / je / zich / ons Ik meld me ziek.
Extra emphasis (“myself / yourself”) mezelf / jezelf / zichzelf / onszelf Ik heb het mezelf beloofd. (emphasis)
  • Typical learner trap: Ik meld mezelf ziek.Ik meld me ziek.
  • The -zelf form sounds heavy if there is no contrast or emphasis.

Polite “u”: why it takes zich (not “u” or “uzelf”)

With the polite subject u, Dutch normally uses zich as the reflexive pronoun.

  • ✅ Heeft u zich vergist?
  • ✅ Het is belangrijk dat u zich goed informeert.
  • Heeft u uzelf vergist? (not natural / wrong)

Think: polite “u” behaves like “he/she/they” here → reflexive = zich.

Word order: where does the reflexive pronoun go?

In many sentences the reflexive pronoun comes directly after the subject.

Structure Example
Main clause (normal order) De arts schaamt zich voor de fout.
Subordinate clause (bijzin) Het team weet dat de arts zich schaamde voor de fout.
  • In a bijzin: put zich/me/je/ons right after the subject.
  • Don’t “push” the reflexive pronoun to the end of the clause.

Inversion: what changes (and what doesn’t)

With inversion, the verb comes before the subject. The reflexive pronoun still belongs to the subject.

  • Vergist u zich in de polis?
  • ✅ Morgen meld ik me ziek.

Remember: with polite u, keep using zich even after inversion.

Imperative (commands): only “u” is possible here

In the formal imperative, Dutch uses u (not “zich”).

  • Vergis u niet. (Don’t make a mistake.)
  • Vergis zich niet.

This is a small but common exception you simply have to memorize.

Self-check: pick the right pronoun in 3 steps

  1. Is the verb reflexive? (e.g. zich vergissen, zich schamen, zich voorbereiden, zich aanmelden)
  2. Who is the subject? ik/jij/u/hij-wij/zij
  3. Choose the form:
    • Usually: me / je / zich / ons
    • Only with emphasis/contrast: mezelf / jezelf / zichzelf / onszelf
    • Formal imperative: u (e.g. Vergis u niet)
  1. Use zich for formal ‘u’. Example: Heeft u zich vergist bij het nemen van de beslissing?
  2. Reflexive verbs can occur on their own and refer back to the same subject: zich. Example: De arts vergist zich in de diagnose.
  3. In a subordinate clause, the reflexive pronoun comes right after the subject: zich. Example: Het medisch team weet dat de arts zich schaamde voor zijn fout.
 Enkelvoudige Vorm (Simple form)Zelf-vorm (“self” form)
Eerste persoon enkelvoudme / mij (myself / me)mezelf / mijzelf (myself)
Tweede persoon enkelvoudje / u / zich (yourself / you / oneself)jezelf / uzelf / zichzelf (yourself / yourself (formal) / himself/herself/itself)
Derde persoon enkelvoudzich (oneself)zichzelf (himself/herself/itself)
Eerste persoon meervoudons (ourselves / us)onszelf (ourselves)
Tweede persoon meervoudje / zich (yourselves / oneself)jezelf / uzelf / zichzelf (yourself / yourself (formal) / himself/herself/itself)
Derde persoon meervoudzich (oneselves)zichzelf (themselves)

Exceptions!

  1. After inversion, use zich in the polite form.
  2. In the imperative, you can only use u as the pronoun, for example ‘vergis u niet’.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

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1. Als u vragen heeft over uw polis, kunt u ____ online aanmelden voor een belafspraak.

If you have questions about your policy, you can ____ register online for a call appointment.

2. De arts vergist ____ soms in de uitslag, maar controleert die daarom altijd nog eens.

The doctor sometimes makes ____ in the result, but therefore always checks it again.

3. Ik schaamde ____ bij de balie, omdat ik mijn verzekeringspas was vergeten.

I was ashamed ____ at the counter because I had forgotten my insurance card.

4. Het is belangrijk dat u ____ goed informeert voordat u een privéverzekering vergelijkt.

It is important that you ____ inform yourself well before comparing a private insurance policy.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentence and use the correct reflexive pronoun (me/mij, je/uwd/u, zich or the self-form: myself, yourself, himself/herself/itself, ourselves).

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  1. Ik schaam voor mijn fout in de e-mail aan de klant.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Ik schaam me voor mijn fout in de e-mail aan de klant.
    (I am ashamed of my mistake in the email to the customer.)
  2. Jij vergist in de tijd van de afspraak.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Jij vergist je in de tijd van de afspraak.
    (You are mistaken about the time of the appointment.)
  3. De manager bereidt voor op het functioneringsgesprek.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    De manager bereidt zich voor op het functioneringsgesprek.
    (The manager is preparing for the performance review meeting.)
  4. Wij hebben op het station gehaast omdat de trein al klaarstond.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    Wij hebben ons op het station gehaast omdat de trein al klaarstond.
    (We hurried at the station because the train was already ready to leave.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence for each block.

Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.

1.
Incorrect: with the subject 'I' you use 'me' or 'mij' (and in spoken language usually 'me'), not 'mezelf' in combination with 'meld'—the natural sentence is 'meld me ziek'.
2.
Incorrect: the reflexive pronoun may not be placed at the end of the subordinate clause; with 'u', 'zich' must come directly after 'u' ('u zich vergist'), not 'vergist u'.

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Yoni De Ketelaere

Bachelor in International Business Management

HOGENT

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Belgium


Last Updated:

Saturday, 06/06/2026 17:36