Modal verbs: moeten/ kunnen/ mogen + passive

Modale werkwoorden: moeten/ kunnen/ mogen + + passief


Gebruik moeten, kunnen, mogen + passief om verplichting, mogelijkheid of toestemming te tonen.

(Use moeten, kunnen, mogen + passive to show obligation, possibility, or permission.)

What this structure does (modal + passive)

You combine a modal verb (moeten/kunnen/mogen) with the passive voice.

  • moeten + passive = obligation / necessity (must)
  • kunnen + passive = possibility / feasibility (can / be able to)
  • mogen + passive = permission or prohibition (may / may not)

Focus: the sentence talks about what needs/can/may be done, not who does it.

Build it in 3 steps (reliable recipe)

  1. Choose the modal: moet / kan / mag (or plural: moeten / kunnen / mogen)
  2. Add the past participle: gedaan, gecontroleerd, aangepast, geplaatst, besproken…
  3. Add “worden” at the end of the verb group

Formula: modaal werkwoord + voltooid deelwoord + worden

Meaning Correct Dutch example Natural English
Obligation De oudere moet dagelijks goed verzorgd worden. The elderly person must be well cared for every day.
Possibility De woning kan eenvoudig aangepast worden. The home can be adapted easily.
Permission / ban Hier mag geen medische apparatuur geplaatst worden. No medical equipment may be placed here.

Word order: where do the verbs go?

  • The modal verb is the finite verb and comes in 2nd position in main clauses.
  • The passive part stays together at the end: past participle + worden.

Main clause: De gemeente moet de aanvraag binnen twee weken behandeld worden.

With time/place first: Binnen twee weken moet de aanvraag behandeld worden.

A common trap: “worden” is part of the passive

  • Passive needs “worden” (in this topic).
  • Without worden, you often end up with an incomplete or different structure.

Correct: De badkamer kan veiliger gemaakt worden.

Wrong: De badkamer kan veiliger gemaakt.

Do you include “door + person”? Often not.

You can add the agent with door + person/organisation, but in practice it’s often omitted if it’s obvious or not important.

  • Without agent (very common): De medicijnen moeten elke ochtend gecontroleerd worden.
  • With agent (if needed): De medicijnen moeten elke ochtend gecontroleerd worden door de thuiszorg.

Tip: Add “door …” only when the listener truly needs to know who is responsible.

Using “er” when there is no clear subject

If you don’t name what receives the action (no clear “thing” as subject), Dutch often uses er.

  • Er moet eerst met de familie gesproken worden.
  • Er mag hier niet gerookt worden.

Think of er as “there/people in general” to make a natural Dutch sentence.

Meaning check: which modal fits?

If the message is… Choose… Typical context
“This is required.” moeten policy, medical necessity, deadlines
“This is possible / feasible.” kunnen options, capacity, practical solutions
“This is allowed / not allowed.” mogen rules, permission, prohibitions

Self-check (quick and practical)

  1. Did I choose the right meaning: must / can / may?
  2. Is the main verb a past participle (e.g. gecontroleerd, geplaatst, besproken)?
  3. Did I include worden?
  4. If I didn’t name “what”, did I use er?
  5. Do I really need door + person, or can I leave it out?
  1. Form: Modal verb + past participle + worden
  2. moeten + passief = obligation
  3. kunnen + passief = possibility
  4. mogen + passief = permission/prohibition
Modaal werkwoord (Modal verb)Voorbeeld (Example)
Moeten (Must / have to)De oudere moet dagelijks goed verzorgd worden. (The elderly person must be well cared for daily.)
Kunnen (Can / be able to)De woning kan eenvoudig aangepast worden voor zorg. (The home can be easily adapted for care.)
Mogen (May / be allowed to)Hier mag geen medische apparatuur geplaatst worden. (No medical equipment may be installed here.)

Exceptions!

  1. door + persoon is optional and often omitted.
  2. In the passive, often use er when there is no direct object.

Exercise 1: Multiple choice

Instruction: Choose the correct answer

1. De oudere ____ elke ochtend op tijd gewassen worden.

The elderly person ____ be washed on time every morning.

2. Met een kleine woningaanpassing ____ de badkamer veiliger gemaakt worden.

With a small home modification, ____ the bathroom be made safer.

3. In deze kamer ____ geen medische apparatuur geplaatst worden.

In this room ____ no medical equipment be placed.

4. Er ____ eerst met de familie gesproken worden voordat er een besluit komt.

The family ____ be spoken to first before a decision is made.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases

Instruction: Rewrite the sentence with a modal verb + passive (moeten/kunnen/mogen): modal verb + past participle + worden.

Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints
  1. Hint Hint (moeten) De thuiszorg moet de medicijnen elke ochtend controleren.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    De medicijnen moeten elke ochtend gecontroleerd worden.
    (The medicines must be checked every morning.)
  2. Hint Hint (kunnen) De onderhoudsmonteur kan de lift vandaag repareren.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    De lift kan vandaag gerepareerd worden.
    (The elevator can be repaired today.)
  3. Hint Hint (mogen) Je mag in deze ruimte geen medische apparatuur neerzetten.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    In deze ruimte mag geen medische apparatuur geplaatst worden.
    (In this room, no medical equipment may be placed.)
  4. Hint Hint (moeten) De gemeente moet de aanvraag binnen twee weken behandelen.
    ⇒ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example
    De aanvraag moet binnen twee weken behandeld worden.
    (The application must be processed within two weeks.)

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice

Instruction: Choose the correct sentence for each block.

1.
Incorrect: after the modal verb, the past participle is used; it must be "administered", not "administer".
2.
Incorrect: after "can", the past participle must be used: "arranged"; "arrange be" is grammatically incorrect.

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This content has been designed and reviewed by the coLanguage pedagogical team: About coLanguage

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Yoni De Ketelaere

Bachelor in International Business Management

HOGENT

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Belgium


Last Updated:

Thursday, 07/05/2026 23:02